ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’
  • ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื“ื™ืจื”?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื›ืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืื“ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืชื—ื™ ื—ื“ืจื™ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื”: "ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš ื•ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ืš" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื›). ืื•ืžื ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื—ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ ืฆื“; ืจืž"ื ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื–, ื‘). ื’ื ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื—ื“ืจ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื, ื—ื“ืจื™ ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืžึฐื–ึธื•ื•ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืื›ืœ ืื• ืžื—ืกืŸ ืœื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”.
ื”ืื ื’ื ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืœื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš", ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืœื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื’ื ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืœื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื• ื—ื“ืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืชืœ ื‘ื”ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจืคื•, ื‘; ืจืž"ื ืฉื; ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื•; ืฉ"ืš ื˜; ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ื‘-ื˜ื•).
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื (823)
ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
798 - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช
799 - ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ
800 - ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืจ: ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘, ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
ืื•ืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ืชืœื™ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื”ืงืœืฃ ืฉืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ืœื•ื™, ืฉื ื”' ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื™ืชื‘ื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ื“, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืžืขืœ ื™' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ (ื˜"ื– ืจืคื•, ื”; ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™), ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื (ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืž, ื–). ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืœืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ.
ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื
ืฉืืœื”: ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื“ืจื™ ืจื—ืฆื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ืœืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืœืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ: ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืžื• ื—ื“ืจื™ ืจื—ืฆื”, ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ืœื‘ืฉื”, ื—ื“ืจื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— - ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ืื™ื ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจืคื•, ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืœืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ื›ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ื—ื“ืจ ืœืคื—ื™ ืืฉืคื” ืื• ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืขื•ืจื•ืช - ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืจืคืชื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืœื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืจืคื•, ื•).
ื”ืื ืžืงืœื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”
ืžืงืœื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœื•ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื™ืง ืžืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžื” - ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™, ื•ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™ ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“, ื›ื; ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ื—ืœืง ื' ืžื“, ื“).
ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืกื ื™ื
ืฉืืœื”: ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื˜ืงืก ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืจื‘ ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืžื ื’ื“, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืฉื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื”ืื ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืก ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื•, ื™ื) ืฉ"ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืงื™ื" ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื•ืงืฉื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื—ืกืŸ ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื• ืขืฆื™ื ืื• ืฉืžืŸ ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืฃ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื•, ื-ื‘). ื™ืฉ ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืžื—ืกืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” (ื˜"ื– ืจืคื•, ื™ื; ื—"ื ื˜ื•, ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“). ืื•ืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื”ื™ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืืจืขื™ืช ืฉืžืงื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“, ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืจืง ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื™ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘, ื›ื; ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืจืคื•, ื™; ื—ื“ืจื™ ื“ืขื” ืจืคื•, ื™; ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื, ื™ื“). ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ืžืช ื”ืกืคืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš (ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื ื›ื‘; ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ื, ื™ื), ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืฆืจืš ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืขื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื™, ื“; ืื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืื”ืœื™ืš ืœื“, ืž).
ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ
ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืš" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื›), ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื“ื™ืจื”. ืื•ืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉื“ืจื›ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ื™ื•ืžื ื™ื, ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•, ื•; ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจืคื•, ื’).
ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื” (ื‘ื”"ื’, ืจืžื‘"ื, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“), ื•ืืฃ ืื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื•, ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื ื’ื“, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืจื•ื˜ื ื‘ื•ืจื’, ืžืจื“ื›ื™).
ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืคืกืง ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืจืคื•, ื™). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื’ื ื›ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืจืื• ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืœืื’'ื™ ืจืคื•, ื’; ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืจืคื•, ืคื˜).
ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืืฃ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื•ืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื, ื ื‘; ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ื—' ืขืž' ืฉื‘, ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื•ื ื”). ืื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืืฃ ืžื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ืื–ื™ ื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื—ืกืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื•ืฆ'ืงื• (ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื’, ื›ื˜).
ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ืœืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื (ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ื ื˜ืจืžืŸ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื ื™ืกื™ื, ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืžื”).
ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ืฉืืœื”: ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื ื•ืกื— ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืื• ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื‘ืจืš, ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื "ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื”", ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ืžื‘ืจืš, ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื•ื "ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”".
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื”". ื•ื›ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืื ืื—ื“ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื”". ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืจื— ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”".
ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื
ื—ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื›ื•ืœื•, ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืฉืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื™ื‘ืจืš "ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื–ื•ื–ื”" (ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืกื“ืจื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื–, ื).
ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœื
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืกื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกื•ื”ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืœื•ื ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ (ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืœืœ ืจืคื•, ื‘). ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจ ืฉื, ื•ื’ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื™ืจื” - ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืœืช ืชืื• (ืฉืขืจ ืืคืจื™ื ืคื’; ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื”ื‘ื”; ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืจืคื•, ื“; ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืงืขื˜).
ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืกืง ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจื™ื (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื•, ืขื–). ืืš ื‘ืชืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื–ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื–ื•ื–ื” (ืฉ"ืš ืจืคื•, ื–).
ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ
ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจืช ืงื‘ืข, ื•ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™ ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืœืื“ื (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•, ื˜; ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืจืคื•, ื™ื).
ืื‘ืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืฉื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืข, ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื–ื•ื–ื”. ืื•ืžื ื ืื ื”ืงืจื•ื•ืืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืคืฉ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™ ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื–ื•ื–ื”.
ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ 'ื‘ืฉื‘ืข'
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื”
  • ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืข"ื“
  • ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื‘
  • ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”

    ืชืฉืข"ื“
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืœืžื” ืคื™ืฉืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il