ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
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20 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืจื—ืœ ืจืฉืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืช ืืœื’ืจื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื–ื™ืœื”
ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื–ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ื’ื ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืกืชืจ ื•ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื• ืžืžื•ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื–ืœืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื—ื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื—ืคืฅ ืื• ื›ืกืฃ ืžื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื’ื ื‘ ื•ื’ื ื”ื’ื–ืœืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืื• ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื“ืžื™ ืžื” ืฉืœืงื—ื•. ืืœื ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื’ื–ืœืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืœื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื’ื–ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ื ื‘, ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืกืชืจ, ืื ื”ืขื™ื“ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš [ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื ืกืžื›ื• ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื™ืฉ ืžืคื™ ืื™ืฉ ืขื“ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืข"ื”], ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื’ื ื‘. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืงื ืกื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื”ื’ื ื‘ ืžืฉืœื ืจืง ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”.
ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืขื•ื˜ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื”, ืืกื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืœื ืจืง ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื—ืคืฅ ืœืฆืžื™ืชื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื•, ืืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”.
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”.
ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ื•ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉื ืขืœื. ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืš ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฆืขืจ. ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื—ืง. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืืกื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืžืฉื—ืง, ื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืจื’ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื–ื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžืฆื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื’ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืฆืขืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ, ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื’ื–ื™ืœื”, ื-ื’).

ื‘ - ื’ื–ืœ ื•ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžื’ื•ื™
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืื• ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืžื’ื•ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืขื•ื˜ ืขืจืš (ื‘"ืง ืงื™ื’, ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืงื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ื’ื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื‘ื”ืงืคื”, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืฉื›ื— ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืœื•.
ื•ืื ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื˜ืขื” ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื•ื˜ืขื” ื•ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืงื ื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืคื—ื•ืช, ืืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• "ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืš ืื ื™ ืกื•ืžืš" ื•ื™ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ. ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ืฉ ื”' ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ื’ืจื ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”', ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื” ื•ื™ืชืจืขื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืงื ื•, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืชื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืžื—, ื‘).
ื•ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืืœื• ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืจืื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืขืžืœื, ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื”ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืืœื• ืฉืงื™ื“ืฉื• ืืช ื”' ื•ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื• ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื•, ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื™ืชืจื ืœืขื•ืœืœื™ื”ื (ืกืคืจ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืชืจืกื).

ื’ - ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืขื•ื˜ื™ื
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืขื•ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš. ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื• ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืœืงื—ืช ืžืฉื ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืคื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืช, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื ื‘.
ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื–ื•ืœืชื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืงื™ืกื ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื—ืฆื•ืฅ ื‘ื• ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื™ืกื ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ืคืจื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื’ืคืจื•ืจ ืื—ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช.
ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉื ื™ ืชื ืื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื™ื. ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืืœื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื“ื, ื‘ืขืœ ืงื•ืคืกืช ื”ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจ ื›ืงืคื“ืŸ ื•ืงืžืฆืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืคืขื•ื˜ื™ ืขืจืš ืฉืœื•.
ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืœ, ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ืขื˜ ืื• ื’ืคืจื•ืจ, ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช (ืฉื•"ืข ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื'. ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื—ื•"ืž ืฉื ื˜, ื).

ื“ - ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืช
ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืชื•? ืœืžืฉืœ, ืงื•ืจื” ืฉืื“ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื“ื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื’ื™ื ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืขื“ืจ ืฉืœื• ืื‘ื“, ื•ืฉื›ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื”: ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื ื• ืœืœื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช? ืื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ืจื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืจื“ื™ื•, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช? ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื•, ืฉื’ื ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœืงื™ื—ืช ื—ืคืฅ ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืœื ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆื, ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืคืฆื™ื•. ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
ื•ื ืฆืžืฆื ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื™ืชืจืขื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื—ืคืฅ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืกืคืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ.
ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ื‘ืžืืช ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื, ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ื’ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื”ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืื• ืœื, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืื“ื™ (ืฉื•"ืข ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื” ื'), ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืกื›ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉ"ืš (ื—ื•"ืž ืฉื ื—, ื), ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืžืกื›ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉ"ืš, ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ.

ื” - ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืชื—ืœืคื•
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงื•ืจื” ืฉืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืืจื•ืข ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืจ, ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื‘, ื•ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื• ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื ืขืœืžื”, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื• ืœื?
ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืงืœื•, ื‘): "ื ืชื—ืœืคื• ืœื• ื›ืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื”, ืœื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื". ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื–ื•ืœืชื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉื—ืœ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืฉืœืงื— ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืืช ื—ืœื™ืคืชื•, ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉืœื•, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื ืœืงื—ื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืื• ื ื’ื ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื”.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืš, ืื“ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื•ืœืงื— ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืฉืฉื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœื• ืœื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ื ื—ืœื™ืคื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœืงื— ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฆื, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืžืฆื ื—ืœื™ืคื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ืจื™ื– ืฉืื‘ื“ื” ืœื• ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืื—ืจืช.
ื•ืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืืฆืœื• ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืงื—ืชื” ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื ืœื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžืžื ื”, ื™ืจืฉื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื”, ื•ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืžืื‘ื“, ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืชื—ืœืคื• ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” (ืžื™ืœื™ ื“ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืจ"ืž ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜).
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืขื™ืœ ื’ืฉื ืื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื”, ืฉืื ื ืชื—ืœืคื• ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื•ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื– ืžืœืื“ื™, ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื™ืงืœ. ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืฉืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืื ืœื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฆืขืจ, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื’ืฉื.
ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืœืœื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช (ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฉ"ืš ืฉื "ื— ืกืง"ื, ื•ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื—ื•"ืž ืงืœื•, ื•ื›ืš ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืืš, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืจื™. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื”ื’ืจ"ื– ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ).

ื• - ืœืงื™ื—ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื—ืชื•ื ื”
ืฉืืœื” ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ืœืงื—ืช ืžืขื˜ ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืืฉืชื• ืื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื•.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช.
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื–ืจืง, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืชืฆืžื— ืžืžื ื• ืชื•ืขืœืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื ื•ืžืกืช ืฉืœื ืชืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืื• ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืœื ืื• ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืกืขื“ื”, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”, ืื–ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื ืื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืœื ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื•ืื ื™ื˜ืขืŸ ื”ืื•ืจื—, ื”ืจื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉืชื™ ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื ืขื ื” ืœื•, ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื ืงื ื” ืจืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื• ืœืฉืžื—, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื•, ื‘), ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื”ื ื” ืžืกืขื•ื“ืช ื—ืชืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžื—ื•, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืœื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจื— ืœืงื—ืช ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืขืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช. ื•ืจืง ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ, ื•ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ืจื— ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื“, ืจื›ื”).

ื– - ื—ืคืฆื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœ ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื–ืจ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช, ื•ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืคืฆื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ืžื• ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื“ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ืœื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ืœืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ืืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื, ืฉืื“ื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ื’ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืชื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ื‘'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš' (ืื•"ื— ื™ื“, ื“).
ืืš ื”ื™ืชืจ ื–ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืชื ืื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืจืขื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื•. ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื™ืื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื™ื‘ื•ื, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื•. ื•ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื™ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ื™ืงื—ื ืœืืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”. ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืžื, ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ื•ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ืฉืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ื”ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืงืคื“ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื• - ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช.
ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™, ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืฉ"ื ืœืš ืœืš ื•) ื•ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ (ืื•"ื— ื™ื“, ื™ื), ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื–ืจ ืœืœื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืžืžื ื•. ื•ื˜ืขืžื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื•, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืชืขื˜ืคื• ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืชื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื–ื™ืขื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ื“ืฉื”.
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื“ื ืฉื ืงืœืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืœืœื ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืกืชื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืกืชืจ. ืืœื ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืขื˜ืคื• ื‘ื” ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืจืง ืื– ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืœื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืฉืฉ ื’ื–ืœ. ื•ื”ืžื™ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ืœืกืžื•ืš.
ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ, ื•ื ื•ื— ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื˜ืœื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื•.

ื— - ืกืคืจื™ื
ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืœื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื ืžืฆื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืœืœื ื‘ืงืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืžืฆื.
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืจ ื—ื•ืœ, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฅ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื—ืชื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช. ื•ืื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื•, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื’) ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืงืœ.
ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ื— ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื•, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืื” ืื—ื•ื– ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื ื•ื— ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืคืฅ ื™ื™ื ื–ืง, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืชื‘ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื (ืื•"ื— ื™ื“, ื“), ืฉื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœื™ื•.
ืื•ืžื ื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืกืคืจ, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœ ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื’ืขื™ื, ืื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืœืช ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœื“ืขืช ื”'ืžืฉื ื”-ื‘ืจื•ืจื”', ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืคืกืง ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืกืคืจ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช (ืž"ื‘ ื™ื“, ืกืงื˜"ื– ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืคืž"ื’). ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช 'ืขืจื•ืš-ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ' (ื™ื“, ื™ื’) ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• ื’ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื“ืขืช 'ืขืจื•ืš-ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ'.
ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ื›ืืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืงืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“, ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืงืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืฆืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ืขื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ื— ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืงืžื˜ื• ืžืขื˜. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืงืœ, ื•ื›ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืกืคืจ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช.

ื˜ - ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืจ ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืื• ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ืื• ื”ืกืคืจื ื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื’ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื.
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ื”ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื—ืชื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื, ื ื•ื˜ืœื ื‘ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”.
ืื•ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื. ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืœื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืงืกื’, ื) ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืกืคืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกืž"ืข ืฉื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืชื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื "ืš. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืกืคืจื™ื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื™ื“ ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื’ืช ืœืงื ื•ืชื. ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืื™ื–ื” ืื“ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ, ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” (ืกืž"ืข ืฉื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืž"ื ืจืฆื‘, ื›, ืื’"ืž ื—ื•"ืž ื' ืœื˜).
ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื–ื” ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืจืฉืื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฉืื™ืœ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืจ, ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ืœืžื“.

ื™ - ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื ืฆืœ ืžืžื™ืชื” ื‘ืจืขื‘
ืฉืืœื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืขื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื™ืชื” ื‘ืจืขื‘. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื” ื•ืฆื“ืงื” ืžืžื›ืจื™ื•, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืื ืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืขื–ืจืชื. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื–ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืœืขื–ืจื”.
ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš' (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจื ื”, ื): ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืจื—ื™ืง ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ื™ื’ืœื’ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฆืขืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ืชืš ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืืœ ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ื›ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืขื ื™, ื™ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื”, ื•ืืœ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš' ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืฆื“ืงื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ืงืŸ ืื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืก ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืฆืขืจื•, ืืœื ืœื”ืคืš, ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ื˜ืื™ื. ื•ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขื–ืจื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื ืขืœื•, ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ื’ื ื•ื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจืขื‘, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”, ื ืคืกืง ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘. ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ 'ื™ื-ืฉืœ-ืฉืœืžื”' ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘, ืืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืžืžื™ืชื”. ื•ืื ืœื ื’ื ื‘ ื•ืžืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•. ืืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืืŸ ืชื ืื™, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืฉื™ื•ื˜ื‘ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื‘, ื™ืฉืœื ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืขืœื™ื”.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš' (ื—ื•"ืž ืฉื ื˜, ื“): "ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื ืคืฉื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืงื—ื ื• ืืœื ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืœืฉืœื" (ื‘"ืง ืก, ื‘ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉ"ืฉ. ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืฉื ื˜, ื“).

ื™ื - ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ
ืืžื ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ื–ืœ. ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื’ื ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ืจื” ืœืื“ื ื ื–ืง ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืชื• ืžืจืืฉ. ืœืžืฉืœ: ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ื“ ืžืœื ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื• ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืคืš, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืžื•ืœื• ื›ื“ ืจื™ืง ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืื“ื ืื—ืจ. ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื“, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื•.
ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ืชื ื” ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ืžื” ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช. ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืฉืื ืœืคืชืข ื™ืืจืข ืœืื“ื ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืžืžื•ื ื•. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื™ืงืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ ืขื–ืจื”, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื•. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ื˜ืœ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื™ื ื–ืงื•, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง.
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืœืื“ื ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืชื•ืš ื“ืงื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืคืขืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงืœื” ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื•, ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืœื›ืœ ื ื–ืง ืฉื™ืืจืข ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช.
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื–ื•ืœืชื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ื™ืื‘ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื ื›ื“ ืžืœื ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื”ื›ื“ ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืคืš. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื›ื“ ืจื™ืง, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื›ื“ ืžืœื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืœ ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ. ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื 'ืขืจื•ืš-
ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ' (ื—ื•"ืž ืจืกื“, ื™ื“; ืฉื—, ื™ื“), ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืืช ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœืฉืœื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื– (ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืืœื” ื•), ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื ืคืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ืืฃ ืžืื‘ื“ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืจืง ืื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื• ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืฉืคื•ืš ืืช ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ.

ื™ื‘ - ื”ืจื•ืื” ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื•
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงื•ืจื” ืฉืื“ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงื•ื ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื—ื ื•ืช. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ื”ืื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”, ืื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžื˜ ืžื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื“ื ืคื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืื• ืื™ ื”ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžื˜ ืžืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.
ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื (ืขืœ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื˜ื–) ืืžืจื•: ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื‘ืจืš ืฉืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืœืš ื•ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื ืš ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืง, ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ: "ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึทื ืจึตืขึถืšึธ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืจืฆื–), ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช "ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึทื ืจึตืขึถืšึธ", ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื’ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืš. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื•. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื“ื ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืื• ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉื•, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ืœืืœ ื™ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” (ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืจื‘ ื—"ื• ืคื”, ืง).
ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืจื ืžื›ืš ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื’ื ื‘, ื›ื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ืื—ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ืชื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืื•ื–ื ื•, ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื ื•ื‘. ื•ืื ื’ื ืื– ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืง, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืขื•ืง ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืžืชื’ื ื‘ ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืœื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื‘ื ื—ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื. ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื›ื ืข ืžื™ื“, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื’. ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืžื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ืื’ื“ ืื• ื“ืŸ (ื•ื‘ืก' ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—"ื“ ืข' ื•' ื›ืชื‘ ืื—ืจืช).
ื•ืื ื”ืื“ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœื ืคืฉื•, ืฉืื ื™ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ื•, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ืžื™ื“, ืืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืื—"ื› ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื’ื ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืคื—ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื›ืœืœ ื ืื‘ืง ื›ื ื’ื“ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืชืžืขื˜ื•, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืฆืžื— ืžื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื™ื’ - ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื”
ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื™ืฉืจ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืงื ื” ืœื™ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช, ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืœื™, ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžืื” ืฉืงืœื™ื. ื•ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ื“ืฃ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ื˜ืขื•ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจืง ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืื• ืฉื™ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืืžืช, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœืžืขื‘ื™ื“ื•, ื˜ืขื™ืช ื•ื ืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืžืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืช.
ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ื ืฉืืœืช ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจืช, ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ. ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœืขื•ื–ืจืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืชืฆื ื•ืชืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืื ืชืฉืœื— ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืกืฃ.
ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืจื™ (ื—"ื“ ืข' ื™') ืคืกืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื•"ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชื–) ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืžื ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืื›ืŸ ื™ืชืคืชื” ื•ื™ื—ื˜ื, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื–ื” ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ "ื•ึฐืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึดื•ึผึตืจ ืœึนื ืชึดืชึผึตืŸ ืžึดื›ึฐืฉืึนืœ" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื“).
ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช 'ืขืฉื”-ืœืš-ืจื‘' (ื—"ื– ืขื, ืง) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”'ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ-
ืขื‘ื“ื™' (ื—"ื– ืžื“, ื™ื–), ืฉืคืกืง ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขื‘ื™ื“ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื.
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืงืฉื” ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื›ืžื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื—ืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื”ื›ืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืจืง ืฉืื– ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืชื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื ื›ืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื–ืจืช. ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ืื ื”ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืชื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื’ื ื•ื‘ ืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ื•ึฐืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึดื•ึผึตืจ ืœึนื ืชึดืชึผึตืŸ ืžึดื›ึฐืฉืึนืœ".
ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื ืกื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•.
ืื•ืœื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœื• ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช, ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ืœื ืชื™ืชืŸ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ื™ื“ - ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
ื’ื ืื“ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืจื•ืฉืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืคืงื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืจืง ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืฉืช ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื), ืืกื•ืจ ืœืืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ืจืง ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืžื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืจื‘ ื”, ืงื‘).
ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช.
ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืจืฉื•ืช.
ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ื‘"ื‘ ืงืกื”, ื), ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืœ. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ื ื•ื‘, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืฆืœื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืœื›ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ื ื ื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืžืžื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืœืชื, ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืœื ืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ืœ.

ื˜ื• - ืืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื’ื” ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš
ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื“): "ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึดื•ึผึตืจ ืœึนื ืชึดืชึผึตืŸ ืžึดื›ึฐืฉืึนืœ ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึตืืชึธ ืžึผึตืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื–, ื™ื—): "ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืžึทืฉืึฐื’ึผึถื” ืขึดื•ึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธืจึถืšึฐ". ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขืงืœืงืœื•ืช, ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ื•ื”ืžื˜ืขื” ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”.
ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืื ื›ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืขืฆื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื• ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื ืืœื™ื• ืœืงื•ื— ืœืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืœื”, ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ: "ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืžึทืฉืึฐื’ึผึถื” ืขึดื•ึผึตืจ ื‘ึผึทื“ึผึธืจึถืšึฐ".
ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืฉืœืช ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ืžืจื•ืฉืข, ื•ื›ืš ืžืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืขืฆื” ืจืขื”, ืฉืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื• ืœื”ืคืกื“ ืื• ืœื˜ืจื—ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื›ืฉื™ืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•.

ื•ืื ื–ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืฆื” ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืœื” ื’ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื›ืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืื•ืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื“ื ืืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื” ื•ื’ื–ืœ ืืช ื›ืกืคื•. ื•ื›ืŸ, ืื ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื ืง ืื• ืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืœืงื•ื— ืขืฆื” ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื”. ื•ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื™ื“): "ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืขึดื•ึผึตืจ ืœึนื ืชึดืชึผึตืŸ ืžึดื›ึฐืฉืึนืœ ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึตืืชึธ ืžึผึตืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'".

ื˜ื– - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ
ื›ืฉื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš' (ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืœื–, ื›): "ืžื•ื–ื”ืจ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืขื˜ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืžืขื˜ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ".
ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืืช ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืœืื›ื” ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืชืงื ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืชืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื” "ื‘ื•ื ื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื", ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช - "ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื˜ื™ื‘" ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืืช ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ืชืงื ืชื. ืืžื ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงืฆื, ื-ื‘).
ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื’ื–ื•ืœ ืืช ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืื›ืœื• ื›ืื—ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืื ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืืจื•ื—ืชื• ืงื•ื“ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืœื ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ืžืžืœืื›ืชื•. ื•ืจืง ืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ื ื• ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืœื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ืขื“ ื”ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ (ืž"ื‘ ืงืฆื, ื‘).
ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื›ืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ืจื—ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืœืจื—ืœ ื•ืœืื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื, ื•): "ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึตื ึธื” ื™ึฐื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึถืŸ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื›ึผึนื—ึดื™ ืขึธื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื›ึถืŸ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื“ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื, ืœื˜-ืž): "ื˜ึฐืจึตืคึธื” ืœึนื ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ, ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืึฒื—ึทื˜ึผึถื ึผึธื” ืžึดื™ึผึธื“ึดื™ ืชึผึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืึถื ึผึธื”... ื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืึฒื›ึธืœึทื ึดื™ ื—ึนืจึถื‘ ื•ึฐืงึถืจึทื— ื‘ึผึทืœึผึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึทืชึผึดื“ึผึทื“ ืฉืึฐื ึธืชึดื™ ืžึตืขึตื™ื ึธื™".
ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆืœืชื• ืชืœื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžืกื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจ"ืจ ืขื“, ื™ื‘): "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืžื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื–ื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืžืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ื ืคืฉื•ืช". ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื, ืžื‘): "ืœื•ึผืœึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึตื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึตื™ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื•ึผืคึทื—ึทื“ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึทืชึผึธื” ืจึตื™ืงึธื ืฉืึดืœึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื ึดื™, ืึถืช ืขึธื ึฐื™ึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึฐื’ึดื™ืขึท ื›ึผึทืคึผึทื™ (ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจื”) ืจึธืึธื” ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนื›ึทื— ืึธืžึถืฉื" (ื•ืžื ืข ืืช ืœื‘ืŸ ืžืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื™ ื•ืืช ื‘ึธื ึทื™).
ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืœ ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื‘ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืืœ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืžื” ืขืจืš ืœื˜ืจื—ืชื™, ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ื”ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืงื” ืœืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช (ืข' ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืœื–, ื›. ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืœื, ื’).
ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ื™ืฃ ืื• ืจืขื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืืช ืžืขืกื™ืงื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืฉืœื–, ื™ื˜).
ื•ืื ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• - ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื ืงื•ื‘ืข. ื•ืื ืœื ืกื™ื›ืžื• - ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข. ืืœื ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื” ื”ืžื ื”ื’. ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื“ื—ื•ืฃ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืก ืชื”, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื•. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืกื›ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืขื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง.

ื™ื– - ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ืื•ื ืื” ื‘ืžืงื— ื•ืžืžื›ืจ
"ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึดืžึฐื›ึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึดืžึฐื›ึผึธืจ ืœึทืขึฒืžึดื™ืชึถืšึธ ืื•ึน ืงึธื ึนื” ืžึดื™ึผึทื“ ืขึฒืžึดื™ืชึถืšึธ - ืึทืœ ืชึผื•ึนื ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ื•" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื“, ื™ื“).
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืจืขื”ื•, ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ (ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉื ื ืคืขืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื).
ื•ืื ื˜ืขื• ื•ื‘ืฆืขื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื— ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืคืฅ ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื• ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืงื—. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ืื•ืชื• ื—ืคืฅ ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืขื” ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืงื—. ื•ืื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœืงื•ื ื”, ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ืคืฅ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช, ืื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืฉืœื ืฉื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื• ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืช ืื•ื ืื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ.
ื•ืื ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืงื—, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืื ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื•. (ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื•ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื 14.2%, ืœืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ 16.6%, - ืกืž"ืข ืจื›ื–, ื’).
ื•ืื ื˜ืขื• ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื”ืžืงื— ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืœื•ืงื— ื•ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืžืงื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง (ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืจื›ื–, ื-ื“).
ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืคืขืจื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ, ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ ืœืงื™ืžืขื•ื ืื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืืš ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื ืื” ืžืฉืชื ื”.
ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืฉืืžื“ื• ืืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืจื›ื” ืื• ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืกื•ื›ื ืฉื”ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ืžืื” ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ื˜ืขื• ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ืจื•ืช, ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืงืœ ืื—ื“, ื”ืžืงื— ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉืงืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืจืœื‘, ื; ืกืž"ืข ื‘).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื‘
  • ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื
    58 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื˜"ื– ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืฉืข"ื
  • ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื”
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il