ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื“ืจืš ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื–ืžื ื™ื
  • ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”
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10 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืชื•ืงืŸ ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื‘ ืœืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœื—ื˜ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ื ื”ืื“ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืงืŸ, ืœืื™ื–ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช?
ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืคืจืฉืช ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžืชื•ืืจ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ื’ืŸ:
ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึตืŸ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึธืจึธืข ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ืคึผึถืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืœึทื— ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื— ื’ึผึทื ืžึตืขึตืฅ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœ ื•ึธื—ึทื™ ืœึฐืขึนืœึธื:
ื•ึทื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึฐื—ึตื”ื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดื’ึผึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึปืงึผึทื— ืžึดืฉึผืึธื:
ื•ึทื™ึฐื’ึธืจึถืฉื ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึทื™ึผึทืฉืึฐื›ึผึตืŸ ืžึดืงึผึถื“ึถื ืœึฐื’ึทืŸ ืขึตื“ึถืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐืจึปื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึตืช ืœึทื”ึทื˜ ื”ึทื—ึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึทืžึผึดืชึฐื”ึทืคึผึถื›ึถืช ืœึดืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืึถืช ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึผึดื™ื:

ืžื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื’ืŸ, ืืœื ืจืžื•ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื ื’ื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื›ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ืฆื—. ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืจืžื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื“ืจื›ื” ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืื“ื ืœืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืื“ื ืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืืœื ื’ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืžืžื ื• "ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื”ื•", ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš 1 . ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืื“ื ื ืฉืœื— "ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื”", ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื›ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื: "ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึนื ื”ึดืžึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืึธื“ึธื ืึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”" 2 . ืžื˜ืจืช ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืœื™ื”ื ื”ืื“ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข.
ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื›ืขืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช.
ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืžื ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื•ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ "ืขืฆืจืช". ืžื” ืคืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ?
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื‘ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื ื•ืชืจ ื—ืชื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืื“ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื ื’ืœื•ื™, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื•. ื‘ื›ืš ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืฆืขื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื‘ืคืกื— ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื ื—ืฉ, ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœื—ื˜ื, ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ืื“ื ื˜ื•ืขื ืžื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืืœื™ื” ืื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื—ื˜ื.
ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืกืจืช ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•: ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ืžืŸ 'ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™', ื•ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ 'ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช'.

ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™-ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“
ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”' ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืคื’ืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”' ืœืื“ื. ื‘ื›ืš ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ. ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืœืคืจืฉืช ืคืงื•ื“ื™:
"ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื”... ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื’ื ื™ ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื›ืœื”. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืชืื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื ืœื• ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• ืžื›ืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื’ืŸ ืื›ืœ ืชืื›ืœ ื•ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข ืœื ืชืื›ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ื•. ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื ืœื™ ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื™ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืœื ืฉืžืจืช ืื•ืชื•, ืžื™ื“ ืกื™ืœืง ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืจืงื™ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ืžื ื™ืŸ, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื’ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ืœืง ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืœืจืงื™ืข ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ... ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื’ื ื™ ืื—ื•ืชื™ ื›ืœื”, ืื™ืžืชื™, ื›ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ.
... ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืืกื™ื ื, ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื’ื ื™, ืœืื•ืชื• ื’ืŸ ืฉื ืกืชืœืงืชื™ ืžืžื ื•.

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื” "ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื”", ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื’, ื–-ื—) 3 .
ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื™ื” "ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื", ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื• ื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืœืžื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ 'ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™' ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ, ืืœื ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืžื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืžื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.

ืขืฆืจืช: ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™', ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ื”ึดื•ื" ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ื›ืš ื“ื•ืžื” ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื• ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื›ืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ืืœื ืจืง ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืžืœืื›ื” โ€“ ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื ืงืจื ื”ื™ื•ื 4 . ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื 5 , ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื ืœืžื“ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ (ืคืจื™ ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืื•ืช ืž) 6 :
ื“ื”ื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืคืข ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืช ืื™ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื” ื•ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื ืฉืคืข ืฉืคืข ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืงืจืื™ืŸ ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ, ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ืงืœื˜ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœืขื™ืœื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื”' ืžืงื“ืฉื›ื... ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืจืžื– ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื—ื’ ื“ื›ืœ ื—ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื’ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื•ื”ืžื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื–' ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•.

ื™ืžื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื—ื–"ืœ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ืขืฆืจืช' 7 :
ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื™ื โ€“ ืขืฆืจืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืืฆืœื™, ื›ืžืœืš ืฉื–ื™ืžืŸ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ื•ื›ืš ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ืŸ ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื›ื, ืขื›ื‘ื• ืขืžื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ ืคืจื™ื“ืชื›ื.

ืชื›ื•ื ืชื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืชื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ื ืงืจืืช 'ืื•ืช', ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื 'ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ' ื›ื™ "ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื“ืจ", ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš 8 .
ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื˜ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื“ืจื’ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ (ืจืื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื—"ืœ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืช ืž). ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืืฃ ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ (ืจืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื ืžื“ืจื•ืฉื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”). ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืืœื™ื” ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื—ื˜ื.
ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื”ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ
ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื”, ื ืงื“ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ืืœ ืขื™ื˜ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ื•ื ื”ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ'.
ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื’ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื. ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึฐื ึธื”ึธืจ ื™ึนืฆึตื ืžึตืขึตื“ึถืŸ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืงื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผึธืŸ", "ื•ึฐืึตื“ ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืงึธื” ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”" โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื’ ื; ื™ื’ ื˜):
ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฉื“ื” ื˜ืจื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ื›ื ืืช ืืžืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื— ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ืืช ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืฆืžื— ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื"ืจ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืœื”ืœืŸ ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื•ื›ืืŸ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืื“ ื™ืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืชื” ืืœื ืžืœืžืขืœืŸ. ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ืŸ ื“ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ื“' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื•ืชื” ืืœื ืžืœืžืขืœืŸ. ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื–ืจื•ืข, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ื™ื— ื˜ืœืœื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉื•ืชื” ื›ื ืžื•ืš, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืœืช ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”, ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื ืฉืคืœื™ื ืœืžืจื•ื".

ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื’ืฉื? ื ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื˜ื (ื•ื ื”ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื“ืŸ, ืขืžื•ื“ 356 ื•ื”ืœืื”): "ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ืœืง ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืชืจื“ืžื” ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื•. ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื•ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื•ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ื’ื ื ืฉืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื“ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื ืืœื ืžื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื•ืืจ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื”ืœืš ื‘ื’ืŸ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื›ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืื ื›ืŸ, ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžื’ืœื” ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืื—ื“, ื•ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื“ืœื”, ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืืœื”ื™ื ืื—ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคืจืฉืช ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ื’ืŸ".
ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื˜ื (ืฉื, ืขืžื•ื“ 365) ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ: "ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืงื‘"ื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื. ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจื™ื”... ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื—ืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื™ื”ื™ื”. ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื–ื• ืื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ื•ื ื”ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื’ืฉื ืฉื‘ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”' ืื—ื“ ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื•ืช, ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื ืฉืžื• โ€“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช - ืื—ื“, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” "ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”' ืœืžืœืš ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”' ืื—ื“ ื•ืฉืžื• ืื—ื“. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ืคืš ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉื (ืจืื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื) ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืขืชื” ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ื ื”ืจ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืกืง (ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ืจืื” ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื ื’, ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื– ื-ื™ื‘, ื™ื•ืืœ ื“ ื™ื—, ื•ืจืื” ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืง ื)".
ื•ื”ื ื”, ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืžืชืื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉ"ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื“ืจ", ืื•ืจื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉืคืข ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื โ€“ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™. ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืื ื• ืคื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”' ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• "ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' ื•ึฐื›ึธืจึทืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื‘ึผึตื™ืช ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืช ื—ึฒื“ึธืฉืึธื”... ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืจึธืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืœึดื‘ึผึธื ืึถื›ึฐืชึผึฒื‘ึถื ึผึธื”... ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐืœึทืžึผึฐื“ื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื“ึผึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”' ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ื•ึผืœึผึธื ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ืœึฐืžึดืงึฐื˜ึทื ึผึธื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื ื ึฐืึปื ื”' " (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืœื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ "ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจื•ื—ื™ ื ื•ืชื ืช ื‘ื›ื ื—ื›ืžื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืจื•ื—ื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืืชื›ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืจื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ืชื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ ืคืจืฉื” ืžื—) 9 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ืฉื ืฉื—ื™ื™ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžืชืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื›ืš ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืฉืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื‘ื•ืจืื”.

ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช: ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื
ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืชื™ืงื•ื ื ืชืœื™ืกืจ), ืฉื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืงื™ื™ืช "ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื’ืŸ":
ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื—ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื™ื” ื ื‘ื™ืขื• ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœืืฉืงืื” ืื™ืœื ื ื“ืื™ื”ื• ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื’ืŸ, ื•ืฉืจืฉื•ื™ ื•ืขื ืคื•ื™ ืื™ื”ื• ื›ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ื›ืœ ื—ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื’ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”. (ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื—ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ื• ื ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืงื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื’ืŸ, ื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื• ื•ืขื ืคื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื ื—ื’ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•).
ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื’ืŸ' ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืœืœื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืžืขืœื”, ืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
ื•ื”ื ื”, ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืขืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ืจื’ืช ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื•ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื. ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืงื” ืžื”ื ื”ืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ื•ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช "ื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื“ืจ". ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืืœื ื”ื ืขืฆืžื™ื™ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื ื’ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื.
ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš, ื ืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื˜ื ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ื ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื– ืข"ื). ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื•, ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ืฉื. ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ืฉื. ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื˜ื: "ืืžื ื ื”ื’ืฉื ื›ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื›ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฆืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื, ืืš ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ืืœื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืœืชืงื ื•. ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืคืข ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ืฉ ื‘ืชืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื‘"ื”, ื’ืจืžื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ืงื• ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœื—ื˜ืื•. ื”ืื“ื ืžื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ืžืคื•ืฆืœื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ื. ืžืขืชื” ื”ื’ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืขื ืชืœื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืชืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืงื•ืฉืจื• ืืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœืžื™ืชื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช. ืžื˜ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื. ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืœืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืฃ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžืื™ืžืชื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื’ืžืจื ืงื•ืฉืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื, ืฉืœืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข "ื›ื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื–ื™ืžื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื" (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘ ืข"ื โ€“ ื‘ ืข"ื‘). "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ืคืœื™ื’ื ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ืงื‘ืขื•ื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื" (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื– ื)".
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื ืžืฉืœ ืœื™ื•ื ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื ืฆื—ื™ื™ื. โ€ƒ



^ 1.ืจืื” ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืชืจืž"ื“ "ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื•ื™ืฉืœื—ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืœื™ื".
^ 2.ืจืื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ "ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช โ€“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช", ืขืž' 80-107.
^ 3.ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืจืžื•ื– ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืคืจืง ืž"ื•, ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืคืจืง ื™ื ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืžืงื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืงื™ืœ "ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ืŸ" (ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื ืœื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืจืš ื', ืขืžื•ื“ 111 ื•ื”ืœืื”).
ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืœื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ื˜ืื ืฉืœ ื ื“ื‘ ื•ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื, ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืืฉ ืฉื”ืžื™ืชื” ืื•ืชื โ€“ ืžืขื™ืŸ 'ืœื”ื˜ ื”ื—ืจื‘'. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœืชืจ ืžื’ื•ืจ, ืืžืจื™ ืืžืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื’.
^ 4.ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ, ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืื• ืขืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืจืง ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” 'ืขืฆืจืช', ืืš ื”ืขืฆืจืช ืื™ื ื• ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ืืœื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” "ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ืœึทึฝื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ" (ืคืจืฉืช ืจืื”), ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
^ 5.ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืœืฉื 'ืขืฆืจืช', ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืช, ื›ื™ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื” ื”' ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’, ื•ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ื–ื•ื’ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช. ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืฉื ื ืขืฆืจ ื”ื›ืœ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื›ื“ ื”ืงืžื— ืขืจืš ืขืฆืจืช, ืขื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืกื‘ืจ: "ื•ืžื–ื” ืชืžืฆื ืกื•ื“ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืขืฆืจืช ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืฆืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืืฆื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ".
^ 6.ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
^ 7.ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื’; ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื›ื, ื›ื“.
^ 8.ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื›ื“: "ืื ืชืฉืืœ, ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ื•? ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืฉื, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืขื›ื‘ื• ืขืžื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ ืคืจื™ื“ืชื›ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืงืจื ืขืฆืจืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ".
^ 9.ืจืื” ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื’ ืงืœื— "ื•ื”ื ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”... ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืจื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ืชื, ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชืชื™ ื‘ื›ื, ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื›ื" (ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ื›ืืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื•). ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื— ืงืžื– ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ืžื“ืจื’ืช ืžืฉื™ื—, ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ.
ื“ืจืš ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื
ื“ืจืš ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช

    ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื” - ื–

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ
    36 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืกืคืงื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืจื•ื‘, ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
    48 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื "ืš

    ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš, ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืกืงืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

    ื™"ื ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš
    28 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”"ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ื•ื“ โ€“ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืืœื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื™"ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ
    45 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื’'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืžืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืขื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
    1:03
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื

    ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื | ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” | ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื
    34 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื

    ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–

    ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื” ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื• ื–) ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื
    27 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ืชืจืข"ื˜ - ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. ื›ื›ื” ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืš ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืžืฆื“ืงื•ืชื•. ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื ื•ืฆื—ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il