ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
  • ืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื’
undefined
2505
25 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš

ืกื•ื›ื•ืช




ื - ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื•
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื—ื’: ื) ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื”.
ื‘) ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
ื’) 'ื”ึถื—ึธื’'. ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื›ืš ื‘ืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘' ื–, ื—): "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืขึทืฉื‚ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื” ืึถืช ื”ึถื—ึธื’". ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” (ืชื•ืก' ื™ื•"ื˜ ืจ"ื” ื, ื‘), ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื (ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื™ื’). ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ (ื”ืœื›ื” ื—).
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”: ื) ืขืฆื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ืืกื™ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”. ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืžืœืื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“. ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื’, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ (ื›ื˜, ื™ื‘-ืœื“). ื‘) ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ืืกื™ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื. ื’) ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉืขืœ ืฉืžื” ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื’ - ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืœืžืขืŸ ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”' ืขืœ ืขืžื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืจืžื– ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื, ืฉื™ืคืจื•ืฉ ื”' ืกื•ื›ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื•ื™ืงืจื (ื›ื’, ืœื’-ืžื“), ืฉื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื’-ืœื—): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึผึตืืžึนืจ. ื“ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึถืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึตืืžึนืจ: ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”, ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืœึทื”'. ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึถืื›ึถืช ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ. ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืึดืฉึผืึถื” ืœึทื”', ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืžึดืงึฐืจึธื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื, ื•ึฐื”ึดืงึฐืจึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ืึดืฉึผืึถื” ืœึทื”' ืขึฒืฆึถืจึถืช ื”ึดื•ื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐืœึถืื›ึถืช ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ".
ื”ืฉื ื™ (ืฉื ืœื˜-ืž): "ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ืึถืช ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึธื—ึนื’ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”' ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื, ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืžึดื™ื ึดื™ ืฉืึทื‘ึผึธืชื•ึนืŸ. ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึธื“ึธืจ ื›ึผึทืคึผึนืช ืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืขึฒื ึทืฃ ืขึตืฅ ืขึธื‘ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึตื™ ื ึธื—ึทืœ, ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื".
ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ (ืฉื ืžื-ืžื’): "ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ึผึนืชึถื ืึนืชื•ึน ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”' ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”, ื—ึปืงึผึทืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื, ื‘ึผึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ืชึผึธื—ึนื’ึผื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน. ื‘ึผึทืกึผึปื›ึผึนืช ืชึผึตืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึถื–ึฐืจึธื— ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึตืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืกึผึปื›ึผึนืช. ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื, ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื".

ื‘ - ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ
ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื ืงืจื ื’ื 'ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ', ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื“, ื›ื‘): "ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ ื”ึธืึธืกึดื™ืฃ ืชึผึฐืงื•ึผืคึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”", ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ืกื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื’): "ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผึนืช ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐืšึธ ืžึดื’ึผึธืจึฐื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึดืงึฐื‘ึถืšึธ" (ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื˜).
ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ื—ืœื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื™ื“-ื˜ื–): "ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืจึฐื’ึธืœึดื™ื ืชึผึธื—ึนื’ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”. ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืžึผึทืฆึผื•ึนืช... ืœึฐืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึธืึธื‘ึดื™ื‘... ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืงึผึธืฆึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึดื›ึผื•ึผืจึตื™ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึดื–ึฐืจึทืข ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื”, ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ ื”ึธืึธืกึดืฃ ื‘ึผึฐืฆึตืืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื”". ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื—, ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืงืฆื™ืจ-ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืช ืกื™ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”. ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื— ื•ื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืค"ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื, ื‘; ื™ื’, ื“-ื”).
ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืœืขื. ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืœืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื• ืงื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ื ืืกื™ืฃ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ - ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื’), ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฉื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ.
ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช: ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื, ืฉืชื•ืื ืืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื–ืจื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”, ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช, ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ื”' ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืืช ืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืžืžื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื›ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืื– ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ, ืขื“ ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื• ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื.
ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืงืฆืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืชืฉืจื™. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื“ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื˜ื•ื, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœื”ืชื ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื–ื“ื›ืš ืžื›ืœ ื”ืจืข ืฉื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื ื•. ื•ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืขืฉืจืช ื™ืžื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื›ืคืจื” ื•ื”ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš, ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืงืœื˜ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžื ื•ืคื” ื•ื ืงื™ ืžื”ืจืข ืฉื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”.
ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืฉื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืžื–ื›ื›ืช ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืžื›ื™ืขื•ืจื, ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื” ื›ืื‘ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื—ืœืฉืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื– ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื– ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜, ื™).

ื’ - ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืž): "ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึธื“ึธืจ ื›ึผึทืคึผึนืช ืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืขึฒื ึทืฃ ืขึตืฅ ืขึธื‘ึนืช ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึตื™ ื ึธื—ึทืœ, ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื". ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื•: ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
ื”ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ืœื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืื•ืช ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื”' (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื˜; ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื›ื“). ื•ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื ืขื ืข ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืืžื•ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ืฉื™ืขืœื” ื™ื‘ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืคื”, ื•ื™ืฆื™ืœ ื”' ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื˜ืœืœื™ื ืจืขื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื–, ื‘; ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”, ื“).
ื”ืคืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื™ืืช ื ืก ืœืื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื ื™ืฆื—, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžื ื™ืฃ ืืช ืจื•ืžื—ื•, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื—. ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ืจืฉืขื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืงื˜ืจื’ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ืฉืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื ืขื•ื“. ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื— ื•ืขื•ืžื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื ื™ืฆื— ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื•ืœื•ืœื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื™ืฆื—ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืขืžื”ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ" (ืขืค"ื™ ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ืœ, ื‘; ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื ืจื›ื, ื).
ืขื•ื“ ืจืžื–ื™ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื’ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื ื ืขืฉื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” (ื“, ื‘-ื’). ื•ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื.

ื“ - ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“
ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’): "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื". ืœืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืกื›ื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืฉืขืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื™ื, ื‘). ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื™ื–, ื›-ื›ื‘): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึทืœึผึทื— ืคึผึทืจึฐืขึนื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื... ื•ึทื™ึผึดืกึฐืขื•ึผ ืžึดืกึผึปื›ึผึนืช [ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ืกื•ื›ื•ืช], ื•ึทื™ึผึทื—ึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืึตืชึธื ื‘ึผึดืงึฐืฆึตื” ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ. ื•ึทื”' ื”ึนืœึตืšึฐ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ ืขึธื ึธืŸ ืœึทื ึฐื—ึนืชึธื ื”ึทื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ ืึตืฉื ืœึฐื”ึธืึดื™ืจ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึธืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื”. ืœึนื ื™ึธืžึดื™ืฉื ืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื" [ื”ืจื™ ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“].
ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืžื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื“ืœื•ืชื ื•, ื›ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ื”' ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื ื“ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื›ืฉืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืืจืขื™ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœื ื• ืžื—ืกื” ืžืฉืžืฉ ื•ืžื˜ืจ, ื‘ืœื ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื ื ื—ืœื”. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื” ืขืฆื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื“ืœื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื’ืื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื”', ืืœื ื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืื•ืชื”, ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคืจื™ื” ื•ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื” (ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’). ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื— ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”' ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื–ืจื•ืขื” (ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื).
ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืคืจืฉ ื”' ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™, ืœื“): "ื•ึทืขึฒื ึทืŸ ื”' ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื‘ึผึฐื ึธืกึฐืขึธื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฒื ึถื”". ื‘ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”' ืืœื™ื ื•, ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืกื™ืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืžืŸ, ื‘ืฉืœื™ื• ื•ื‘ืืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ื”ืฉืจื” ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืคืจืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ืœืกื•ื›ืš ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’). ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื™ื• ืขึดื ื™ืฉืจืืœ... ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืžืœืžื˜ื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืงื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื..." (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจืฉื‘"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื›ื; ืกืคืจื™ ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš ืคื’). ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”' ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ื–ืจื•ืขื”, ืคืจืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื’ ืงื’, ื‘).
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ืกืชืจ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื•, ืžืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื’ืชื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžืกืš ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจื•, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืื•ืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืžืžื ื” ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื”, ืคืจืฉ ื”' ืืช ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืงืจื ื™ื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื“, ื™ื‘): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึถืฉื ื•ึผืžึธื’ึตืŸ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืชื ื™ื, ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืง ื“).
ื’ื ื”ืกื›ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ืจื•ืžื– ืœื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืื˜ื•ื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ืกื›ืš ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื•ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”'ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ' ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื ื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–).

ื” - ื˜ืขื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืœืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’): "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื". ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื”' ื‘ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืœืขื ืกื’ื•ืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง, ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ืจื•ื—ื ื• ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืžืœื›ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฆืืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื ืฉืชื—ืจืจื” ืจื•ื—ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืžืจ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ืจื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกื— ื, ื’).
ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืื– ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืชื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกืชื™ื•, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืชืจื›ื”).
ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื ืคืกืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจื›ื”, ื). ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื ืฉื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื (ืž"ื, ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ, ืคืž"ื’, ืž"ื‘ ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื (ืจ"ื—, ื˜"ื–). ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ืฉืชื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช.
ื•ืืฃ ืฉื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’): "ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช ื”ื•ึนืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื". ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื”ืฉื•ื›ื— ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื ื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื (ืคืž"ื’, ืž"ื‘ ืชืจื›ื”, ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, ื’, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ).

ื• - ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™
ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืืจืฅ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ื” ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ื, ื ืื›ืœ ืžืคืจื™ื” ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ื‘ื ืฉืžื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื•ืจื‘ืช ืœืคืชื—ื™ื ื•, ืฉืžื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืข ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื ืืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืฉื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื™ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื‘ื ื• ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืฉืžื• ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ื”' ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื’ื‘ืจื• ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืื‘ื“ ืžืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ืฆื ืœื’ืœื•ืช, ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื ืœื’ื“ืœ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—, ื™ื-ื™ื˜): "ื”ึดืฉึผืึธืžึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทื— ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึฐืžึนืจ ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ึธื™ื• ื•ึฐื—ึปืงึผึนืชึธื™ื• ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืžึฐืฆึทื•ึผึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื. ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึธืชึผึดื™ื ื˜ึนื‘ึดื™ื ืชึผึดื‘ึฐื ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ึฐืชึผึธ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐืงึธืจึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืฆึนืื ึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐื™ึปืŸ, ื•ึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึฐื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถื” ืœึผึธืšึฐ, ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐืจึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉืึธื›ึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื. ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนืœึดื™ื›ึฒืšึธ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื”ึทื’ึผึธื“ึนืœ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืจึธื ื ึธื—ึธืฉื ืฉื‚ึธืจึธืฃ ื•ึฐืขึทืงึฐืจึธื‘ ื•ึฐืฆึดืžึผึธืื•ึนืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึธื™ึดื, ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทื™ึดื ืžึดืฆึผื•ึผืจ ื”ึทื—ึทืœึผึธืžึดื™ืฉื. ื”ึทืžึผึทืึฒื›ึดืœึฐืšึธ ืžึธืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผืŸ ืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืขึทื ึผึนืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื ึทืกึผึนืชึถืšึธ ืœึฐื”ึตื™ื˜ึดื‘ึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืชึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึดืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึถืšึธ ื›ึผึนื—ึดื™ ื•ึฐืขึนืฆึถื ื™ึธื“ึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืœึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐื–ึธื›ึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึทื ึผึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึนื—ึท ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื—ึธื™ึดืœ, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื”ึธืงึดื™ื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึดื™ืชื•ึน ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึดื ืฉืึธื›ึนื—ึท ืชึผึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทื— ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึธื ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึดื™ืชึธ ืœึธื”ึถื, ื”ึทืขึดื“ึนืชึดื™ ื‘ึธื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึธื‘ึนื“ ืชึผึนืื‘ึตื“ื•ึผืŸ...".
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ, ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืฆืžื— ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™ ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืืจืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืขื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืืช ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืขื™ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ืขืค"ื™ ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’).
ื ื‘ืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฆื’ ืฉื•ื•ื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื’ื’ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื• ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืฆืจื” ื•ืฆื•ืงื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช, ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืืจืขื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ืืกื•ื ื•ืช-ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช. ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉืจื•ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื•ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื–ืงื ื” ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื™ืžื™ื• ืœืงื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืขื™. ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ - ื”ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืืช ื”'. ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื–ืืช, ื—ื™ ื‘ืฉืงืจ. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื ืฆื—, ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ืืžืช, ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืœืื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื”ืœืช).
ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืŸ ืœืกื•ื›ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื ืงืจืืช 'ืฆืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”' (ืฆื™ืœื ื“ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชื). ื•ื–ืžื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืžื’ื™ืข ื•ื”ืื“ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ื ืŸ ืžื”ืงื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—, ืžื”ื’ืฉื ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจ, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื•. "ืึดื ื”' ืœึนื ื™ึดื‘ึฐื ึถื” ื‘ึทื™ึดืช - ืฉืึธื•ึฐื ืขึธืžึฐืœื•ึผ ื‘ื•ึนื ึธื™ื• ื‘ึผื•ึน, ืึดื ื”' ืœึนื ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืจ ืขึดื™ืจ - ืฉืึธื•ึฐื ืฉืึธืงึทื“ ืฉืื•ึนืžึตืจ" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›ื–, ื).
ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ืช ืืจืขื™, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ื ื–ื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉืจื” ื”' ืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื™ืคืจื•ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื•ื›ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื•, ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ืืช ืกื•ื›ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ื•ืคืœืช ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื ืฉื‘ ืœื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื•. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืขืžื•ืก ื˜, ื™ื-ื˜ื•): "ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึธืงึดื™ื ืึถืช ืกึปื›ึผึทืช ื“ึผึธื•ึดื™ื“ ื”ึทื ึผึนืคึถืœึถืช ื•ึฐื’ึธื“ึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืคึผึดืจึฐืฆึตื™ื”ึถืŸ ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึดืกึนืชึธื™ื• ืึธืงึดื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึดื™ืชึดื™ื”ึธ ื›ึผึดื™ืžึตื™ ืขื•ึนืœึธื... ื•ึฐื”ึดื˜ึผึดื™ืคื•ึผ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืขึธืกึดื™ืก ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ึธืขื•ึนืช ืชึผึดืชึฐืžื•ึนื’ึทื’ึฐื ึธื”. ื•ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึผ ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื ึฐืฉืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืชื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึตื™ื ึธื, ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื’ึทื ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ื”ึถื. ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธืชึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ".

ื– - ื”ืกื•ื›ื” - ืื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ
ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื“ืฉืช ืืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” - ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืžืชืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื•ืžืชืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืœืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืจืžื–ื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉืื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื 'ืื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ', ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœ'ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™'. ื ื‘ืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ:
ื”ื”ืืจื” ืฉื”' ืžืื™ืจ ืืœื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื: ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ. ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืื•ืชื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื’ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืื•ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื›ืจืขืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ืžื ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ึผื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ืฉืžืงืฉืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื ื•. ืœืคื™ ืชืคื™ืฉืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื ื’ื“, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืœื–ื” ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“, ื‘-ื’).
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื•ืœืจื•ืžื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื: ืืช ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืœืื›ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™. ื•ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื”' ืื—ื“, ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื‘ ืงืคื•, ื‘), ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืžืชืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ื”ื ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจ ื, ื–), ืฉืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื•, ื’): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึฐืฉืึธืœึตื ืกึปื›ึผื•ึน ื•ึผืžึฐืขื•ึนื ึธืชื•ึน ื‘ึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ". ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื’; ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘). ื•ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื’ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ (ืขื™' ืข"ื– ื’, ื‘).
ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื–ื•. ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื™): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึฐื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ ื”' ื ึดืจึฐืึธื” ื‘ึผึถืขึธื ึธืŸ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื˜ื–): "ื•ึฐืขึธื ึธืŸ ื›ึผึธื‘ึตื“ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ืชื’ืœื” ื”' ืืœ ืžืฉื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื“, ื”): "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”' ื‘ึผึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึฐื™ึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืฉืึธื". ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื ื’ืœืชื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ ื”ืขื ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืชืฉืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื•. ืื•ืœื ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ื— ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”' ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขื ื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืฉื”.
ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ืชื•ืงืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื™ื, ื˜): "ืœึนื ื™ึธืจึตืขื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทืฉืึฐื—ึดื™ืชื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืจ ืงึธื“ึฐืฉืึดื™, ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึธืœึฐืึธื” ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื“ึผึตืขึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ื›ึผึทืžึผึทื™ึดื ืœึทื™ึผึธื ืžึฐื›ึทืกึผึดื™ื". ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื, ื•): "ื•ึฐื’ึธืจ ื–ึฐืึตื‘ ืขึดื ื›ึผึถื‘ึถืฉื‚ ื•ึฐื ึธืžึตืจ ืขึดื ื’ึผึฐื“ึดื™ ื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึธืฅ..." ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“, ื˜): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”' ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืึถื—ึธื“". ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืขืžื ื• ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืก ืฉื”ื ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืกื•ืก, ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืœึทื”'" (ืฉื ื™ื“, ื›).

ื— - ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช - ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ื
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื“): "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื’ึผึถืšึธ", ืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื’-ื˜ื•): "ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผึนืช ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐืšึธ ืžึดื’ึผึธืจึฐื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดื™ึผึดืงึฐื‘ึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื’ึผึถืšึธ, ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒืžึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตื•ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึตืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึผึธืชื•ึนื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธืจึถื™ืšึธ. ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึธื—ึนื’ ืœึทื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ื”', ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึธ ืึทืšึฐ ืฉื‚ึธืžึตื—ึท ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืœื˜-ืž): "ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืžึดืฉึผืึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐืึธืกึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ืึถืช ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึทืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืชึผึธื—ึนื’ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”' ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื... ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื".
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ืชืขืœื” ื™ืคื”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”. ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื ืืžืจื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืฉืžื—ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™-ื™ื): "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ื—ึทื’ ืฉืึธื‘ึปืขื•ึนืช... ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ..." ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฆืžื—ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื›ืคืจื” - ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื 'ืฉืžื—ื”' (ืคืกื™ืงืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื, ืกื•ื›ื•ืช; ื‘"ื™ ืื•"ื— ืชืฆ, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื–).
ื”ืจื™ ืฉืฉืžื—ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืืกื™ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืืกื™ืฃ ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืืกื™ืฃ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืืกื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”. ื•ืืกื™ืฃ ื–ื” ื–ืš ื•ื ืงื™, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘). ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืืกื™ืฃ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื’). ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื ื ื• ืžืชืขืœื™ื ืืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ื•ืžืชืืกืคื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•. ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•, ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืืกื™ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืกื•ื›ื›ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™.
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื• ื•ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืชื™ื•, ื’ื ืืœื• ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืกื•ืชืจื™ื, ื”' ืคื•ืจืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ืกื•ื›ืช ืฉืœื•ืžื•, ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืœื›ื“ ื•ืžืชืื—ื“. ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืœื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžืชืืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื• ื™ื—ื“, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื›ื–, ื‘): ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืื—ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“, ื‘-ื’).
ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžืกื™ืš (ืกื•ื›ืš) ืขืœื™ื• ืžื—ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื" (ืคืกื™ืงืชื ื“ืจื‘ ื›ื”ื ื, ืกื•ื›ื•ืช). ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืข"ื– ื’, ื‘): "ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื”ื ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื, ืืœื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื—ืžื” ืžื ืจืชื™ืงื” ื•ืžืงื“ื™ืจื”, ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืชืจืคืื™ื ื‘ื”; ืจืฉืขื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื’, ื™ื˜-ื›): ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื‘ึผึธื ื‘ึผึนืขึตืจ ื›ึผึทืชึผึทื ึผื•ึผืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื›ึธืœ ื–ึตื“ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึนืฉื‚ึตื” ืจึดืฉืึฐืขึธื” ืงึทืฉื ื•ึฐืœึดื”ึทื˜ ืึนืชึธื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช... ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืชืจืคืื™ื ื‘ื”, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื•ึฐื–ึธืจึฐื—ึธื” ืœึธื›ึถื ื™ึดืจึฐืึตื™ ืฉืึฐืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืžึถืฉื ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผืžึทืจึฐืคึผึตื ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐื ึธืคึถื™ื”ึธ. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉืžืชืขื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ึดื™ืฆึธืืชึถื ื•ึผืคึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึฐืขึถื’ึฐืœึตื™ ืžึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตืง".
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื‘ ืจื™, ื). ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื’ืŸ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื ื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื” ื“).

ื˜ - ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืงื”ืœืช
ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืงื”ืœืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื“, ื), ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืืžืช. ื•ื”ืื“ื ื ืฆืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื”ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืคื•ืืจื™ื, ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื, ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืžื“, ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื•ืช, ื›ืš ื™ืฉืžื— ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื ืจืง ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื— ืžื”ืื“ื ืืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื•, ืžื ืชืง ืื•ืชื• ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืจื•ืงืŸ ื•ื—ืœื•ืœ, ื‘ืœื ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช - ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืืกืคื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ื•ืœื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืกืคื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” - ื‘ื—ืกื“ื™ ื”' ื”ื•ื, ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™, ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ, ื•ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ืœืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืจืช ืืจืขื™ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื.
ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืงื”ืœืช, ืฉืžื‘ืืจืช ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ, ื”ื™ื•ืคื™, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘: "ืกื•ึนืฃ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื ึดืฉืึฐืžึธืข ืึถืช ื”ึธืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืžึดืฆึฐื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธื“ึธื" (ืงื”ืœืช ื™ื‘, ื™ื). ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื™ืคื” ืœื–ื”: 'ื”ื‘ืœ' ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืืคืก, ื•ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืื—ื“, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืคืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืœื, ื‘). ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืืช ื”' ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืืคืก, ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขืฉืจ, ื•ืขื ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืื”, ื•ืขื ื™ื•ืคื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืืœืฃ, ื•ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืืช ื”' ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื™ื, ืืคืก ืžืื•ืคืก (ืžื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืจืžืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ).
ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืงื”ืœืช, ืฉืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื• ืœืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืงื”ืœืช ื‘, ื‘): "ื•ึผืœึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืžึทื” ื–ึผึนื” ืขึนืฉื‚ึธื”?!". ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืืžืจ (ืงื”ืœืช ื—, ื˜ื•): "ื•ึฐืฉืึดื‘ึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึตื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืœึธืึธื“ึธื ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึถืžึถืฉื ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืœึถืึฑื›ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึดืฉื‚ึฐืžื•ึนื—ึท". ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื—ื” ื•ืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื, ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจ-ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”" (ืฉื‘ืช ืœ, ื‘).
ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืงื”ืœืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืงืœืฃ, ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืืชื”: 'ืขืœ ืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื”' ื•'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื. ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืืชื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื•ืจืื” ืžืžื’ื™ืœืช ืงืœืฃ (ืจืž"ื ืชืฆ, ื˜; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื˜; ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘, ื™).
ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืงื”ืœืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื”ืœืช ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื•ืŸ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘, ื™).

ื™ - ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื’ื•ื ื™ื. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื, ื): "ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” - ืœื ืจืื” ืฉืžื—ื” ืžื™ืžื™ื•". ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ืœืงืจืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืžื›ืจื™ื–, ื•ืฉื ื™ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืชืงื™ืขื” ืชืจื•ืขื” ื•ืชืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื”. ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืชืงื•ืข ืœื”ืจื™ืข ื•ืœืชืงื•ืข. ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืชืงื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืจื™ืข, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืชืงื™ืขื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—. ืžืฉื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืชื”ืœื•ื›ื” ืœืจื“ืช ืืœ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ืœืฉืื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ื›ื ืขื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื, ื‘). ื•ื›ืฉืขืœื• ื ื›ื ืกื• ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื•ืžืจื™ืขื™ื ื•ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืฉื ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื™ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื™ื‘, ื’): "ื•ึผืฉืึฐืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึถื ืžึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืฉื‚ื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืžึผึทืขึทื™ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื™ึฐืฉืื•ึผืขึธื”" (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื—, ื-ื‘). ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื ืงืจืื” ืฉืžื—ื” ื–ื• 'ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”'. ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื–ื›ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื›ืš ื ืงืจืื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื” - 'ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”' - "ืฉืžืฉื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืกื•ื›ื” ืค"ื” ื”"ื).
ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื ืฉืขื ื” ื”ืฉืžื—ื”: ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื”ื™ื• ืžื ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืจืง ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ, ื ื•ืกืคื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืœื ืกืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืžื™ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืœืื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื™ื, ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืžืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืงื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื”'ืฉื™ืชื™ืŸ', ืฉื”ื ื ืงื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืืœ ื”ืชื”ื•ื. ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื• ื—ืœืœ ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœื›ื‘ืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืกืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ืชื™ืŸ (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื˜, ื). ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื™ืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ืš ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— (ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืกื•ื›ื” ื , ื‘).
ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื ืกื›ื™ื ืจืง ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ืจืง ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ืจืžื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืื ื• ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื, ืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื‘ืจื›ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” (ืจ"ื” ื˜ื–, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ืœื—ืกื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ื›ืœืœ: ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืฆื™ื, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื ืกืš ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“.

ื™ื - ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ
ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื ื•ืจื” ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ืขืจื™ื ืžืคืจื—ื™ ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช ืœืžืœืื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”. ืžื‘ืœืื™ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืคืชื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืจื”. ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ืžื ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืฆืจื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื, ื).
ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืขืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช (ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช) ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ืžืขื–ืจืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื’ื ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ืžืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื: ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื, ื›ื ื•ืจื•ืช, ื ื‘ืœื™ื, ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆืœืชื™ื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื, ื‘). ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืœื ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืชื–ืžื•ืจืช.
ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืจืงื“ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืชื•ืคืกื. ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืืจื‘ืข ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช. ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื, ืืœื ื›ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืขืชื• ืฉืจืงื“ ื•ื›ืจื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื– ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”' (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื•, ื˜ื–), ืืฃ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจืงื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงืคืฆื™ื ื•ืžื“ืœื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”. ืืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ (ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ), ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื— ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืจืง ืื—ืช ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืื—ืช, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืชื”. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ืจืข ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืขืฅ ืื’ื•ื“ืœื™ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื ื•ืฉืง ืœืจืฆืคืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื•ืžื™ื“ ื ื–ืงืฃ. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ืœื”'. ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืืฉืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื–ืงื ื•ืชื™ื ื•", ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืืฉืจื™ ื–ืงื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืคืจื” ืืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•". "ืืœื• ื•ืืœื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืืฉืจื™ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื•". ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ืชื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืื– ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ืฉืจืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืื” (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื’, ื; ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืค"ื” ื”"ื ื•ื”"ื“).
ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืฉื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื ืขืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ืืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืจืงื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื, ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื ืœืจืื•ืชื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื•ืœื‘ ื—, ื™ื“). ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืžืขื˜.
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืฉืจืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืจื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื–ื•ื–ื˜ืจืื•ืช (ื™ืฆื™ืขื™ื), ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืขืžื“ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื, ื‘).
ื”ืขื™ื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืชื. ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ, ืื—"ื› ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืคื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืžื•ืกืฃ. ืžืฉื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืกืขื“ื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื—ื’, ื•ืžืฉื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ืขื“ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ. ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื™ื™ืคื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืžื ืžื ืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื›ืชืคื™ ื–ื” (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื’, ื).

ื™ื‘ - ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ื›ื™ื•ื
ื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื“): "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื’ึผึถืšึธ", ื•ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืžืงืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื• (ืกื•ื›ื” ืžื, ื).
ื”ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื ืฆื ืฅ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืžื ื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื’ื•ืœื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืจ ื‘ืื’ืจืช ืฉืฉืœื— ืžื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืงื’): "ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื ื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื™ืคืจื• ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ืžืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ื‘ืฆืคืช ื‘ืชื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื™ืคืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ (ื ืคื˜ืจ ื”'ืชืจื›ื”) ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืื—ื™ื•, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืชื™ืืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช 'ืงื”ืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ' ื”ื•ืชืงื ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ (ืื‘"ื“ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืž-ื”'ืชืจืœื’) ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืกื“ื™ื’ื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœื• ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” (ืฉื•"ืช ืžื•ื”ืจื™"ืœ ืขืž' ื—). ืืžื ื ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืื‘ื•ืงื•ืช (ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืคื›"ื” ื—-ื˜).
ื’ื ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื•ืœืขืคื™ื” ืชื™ืงืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืื™ื–ืžื™ืจ, ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื™ื ื’ื ื• ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืคื–ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืจืงื“ื• ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ (ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืกื“ ืชืฆื–, ื™ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ืœื™ (ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”'ืชืง"ืข) ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืื“ืื“ื™, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ืกื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื— ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืง ื ืจื•ืช ืœืจื•ืงื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืจื•ืงื“ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืขืž' ืงื›ื’). ื•ืืฃ ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœืื‘ืœ ืœื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ (ื–ืจืข ืืžืช ื‘, ืงื ื–). ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื” ืžืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื (ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื, ื™ื“).
ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœื• ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืชืจืกื, ื’).
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื—ืžืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืคืจืงื™ 'ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช' ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื (ืงื›-ืงืœื“), ืฉืกื’ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื’, ื-ื‘), ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืคืชื— ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื™ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื•ืื™ื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื—ืจืก ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื ื•ืฉืงืข ืฉืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืืœืคื™ ืืžื”, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืื•ื“. ืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœ 'ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช', ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื•ืคืจืง ืขืœื” ื”ืชื”ื•ื ืืœืฃ ืืžื”, ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื—.

ื™ื’ - ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื’ื ืœืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”, ื‘), ืฉืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืคืจื™ื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื–), ืฉื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื’ื ืขืจื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืืœื ืฉืกื“ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ืคืจื™ื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืš ืคื•ื—ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืคืจื™ื (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื˜, ื™ื‘-ืœื“). ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื”ืจืข, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืคืจื™ื, ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ืžืชื›ืœื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื—"ื ื‘, ื–).
ื•ื›ืš ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื”' ื•ืœื—ื’ื•ื’ ืขึดื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื“, ื˜ื–-ื™ื˜): "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจ ืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื”ึทื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื, ื•ึฐืขึธืœื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึผึตื™ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœึถื” ืžึตืึตืช ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึถืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึนืช ืœึฐืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช, ื•ึฐืœึนื ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทื’ึผึธืฉืึถื. ื•ึฐืึดื ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื—ึทืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืœึถื”... ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ึทืžึผึทื’ึผึตืคึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื’ึผึนืฃ ื”' ืึถืช ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช. ื–ึนืืช ืชึผึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื—ึทื˜ึผึทืืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึทืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืœึธื—ึนื’ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทืกึผึปื›ึผื•ึนืช...".
ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”, ื‘): "ืื•ื™ ืœื”ื ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืึดื‘ื“ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืึดื‘ื“ื•, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื - ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื™ ืžื›ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื?!". "ืืžืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ: ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•, ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜, ื“): ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธืชึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐื˜ึฐื ื•ึผื ึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืชึฐืคึดืœึผึธื”" (ื‘ืžื“"ืจ ื›ื, ื›ื“).
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื”ืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ื ืฉืคืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื—"ื ืจื›ื, ื; ื—"ื’ ืจื ื•, ื). ืืœื ืฉืื ื”ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ื, ื”ื ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื™ืฆืจื™ื ืœื ื• (ื—"ื ืกื“, ื; ื—"ื‘ ืงืคื–, ื). ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ืคื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ื”ืฉืคืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื ืœืจื•ืขืฅ, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื”, ื›ื-ื›ื‘): "ืึดื ืจึธืขึตื‘ ืฉื‚ึนื ึทืึฒืšึธ ื”ึทืึฒื›ึดืœึตื”ื•ึผ ืœึธื—ึถื, ื•ึฐืึดื ืฆึธืžึตื ื”ึทืฉืึฐืงึตื”ื•ึผ ืžึธื™ึดื. ื›ึผึดื™ ื’ึถื—ึธืœึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื—ึนืชึถื” ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉืื•ึน, ื•ึทื”' ื™ึฐืฉืึทืœึผึถื ืœึธืšึฐ" (ื—"ื’ ืจื ื˜, ื; ื›ื“, ื-ื‘)
ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืชื’ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื• ืคืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ื ื”, ื‘): "ืคืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ (ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช) ืœืžื”? ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืžื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉืืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื“ื™ื•: ืขืฉื• ืœื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืื•ื”ื‘ื•: ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื”ื ื” ืžืžืš" (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–, ื‘).

ื™ื“ - ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ืค"ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื, ื™ื), ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื—ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื–ืžื™ื ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื“): "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื’ึผึถืšึธ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒืžึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตื•ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึตืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทื™ึผึธืชื•ึนื ื•ึฐื”ึธืึทืœึฐืžึธื ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืขึธืจึถื™ืšึธ". ื•ื”ื ื”ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ (ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื) ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื–ืžื™ื ื ืœืกื•ื›ื”. ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืกื•ื›ื” ื’ื 'ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ' (ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ืขืงื‘, ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฉื”, ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื“, ืฉืื•ืจื ืžืชื ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ืขื™ืžื• ืฉืฉืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ืืžื•ืจ ื—"ื’ ืงื’, ื‘ - ืงื“, ื), ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ื ื ืกื‘ื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืกื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื—, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืคืชื— ืกื•ื›ืชื• ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืขื™ืœืื™ื ืฉื‘ื•. ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืจื—ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงื ื•, ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžืชืืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”, ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื.
ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืœืื™ื, ืื•ืจื—ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื—ืœืงื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ืงืžื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืืจื— ืืฆืœ ืงืžืฆืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื›ื’, ื•-ื–): "ืึทืœ ืชึผึดืœึฐื—ึทื ืึถืช ืœึถื—ึถื ืจึทืข ืขึธื™ึดืŸ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืชึฐืึธื™ื• ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึฐืขึทืžึผึนืชึธื™ื•". ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘, ื’): "ื•ึฐื–ึตืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืคึถืจึถืฉื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืคึผึถืจึถืฉื ื—ึทื’ึผึตื™ื›ึถื". ืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื•ืจื—ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืงืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•. ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืจื•ืื” ืฉื–ื” ืฉืขืจืš ืืช ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ืœืงื, ืงื ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ื ึธื ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึธื”ึณืœึตื™ ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉืึดื™ื ื”ึธืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื”" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื›ื•). ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืœืื™ื ืžืกืชืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื’, ื›ื”): "ื•ึผื‘ึถื˜ึถืŸ ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ืชึผึถื—ึฐืกึธืจ", ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ: "ืคึผึดืชึผึฐืšึธ ืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืชึฐืงึดื™ืึถื ึผึธื”" (ืฉื ื›ื’, ื—), ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึผึธืœ ืฉืึปืœึฐื—ึธื ื•ึนืช ืžึธืœึฐืื•ึผ ืงึดื™ื ืฆึนืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืžึธืงื•ึนื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื”, ื—).
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ืฉื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ: ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื, ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืืฉื‘ืข ื•ืืฉืชื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ืœ ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืชื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืžื— ืขืžื•. ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืงื•ืจื ืขืœื™ื•: "ืึธื– ืชึผึดืชึฐืขึทื ึผึทื’ ืขึทืœ ื”' ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื›ึผึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธืžึณืชึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—, ื™ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ. ืืฉืจื™ ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื’ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•, ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืื’ ืœืฉืชืคื ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื—ื’, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจื— ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”. ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื• ื”ืจืขื‘ื™ื ืœืœื—ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื”ืชืจื‘ื• ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ืœื”ื–ืžื™ื ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.
ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื ื•ืกื— ืœื”ื–ืžื ืช ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืœืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื: ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ืขืงื‘, ืžืฉื”, ืื”ืจืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื“ื•ื“. ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืœื˜, ื—). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื•ื: ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื™ืขืงื‘, ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืฉื”, ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื“ (ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœ"ื”). ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื›ืฉื ื”ืื•ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื” ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื—ื’ ื‘ืกื•ื›ืชื, ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื ื”

    ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
  • ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืข"ื“
  • ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
ืกื•ื›ื•ืช
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืกืžื•ื˜ืจื™ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il