ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
  • ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
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15 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”
ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืœื”. ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”, ื), ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื‘ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืจืื•.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ืคืชื— ื‘ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืขื ื™ื•, ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื• ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืžืชื ื•ืช. ืืš ืœื ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ื“ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชื’ื“ืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ืง ื”ื—ืกื“ ืœืžืงื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืชืขืฆื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืื“ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืชื•ื“ื” ื ื”ื ื” ื•ืฉืžื— ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื•, ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขื ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื•ืš ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ืืช ืœื‘ื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืคื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ื˜ืื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจ, ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื ืฉืจืชื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฉืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ื™ืคื”. ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื–ื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืข ื•ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื“.
ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื•, ื‘ื—ืŸ, ื‘ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ - ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•. ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืจื ืœืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืืžื•ื ื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื‘ืœื ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”' ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืจื™ืงื” ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืœื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื”. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื”ืื“ื ืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ื•ืจืื•, ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ืœืžืœื ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“-ื™. ื•ืืฃ ืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื, ืœื): "ื•ึทื™ึผึทืจึฐื ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ืžึฐืึนื“". ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ื•ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื•.
ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืืช ื›ืœ ืขืฆื™ ื”ื’ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื”' ืœืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื”ื• ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืื“ื ื•ื—ื•ื” ืืกื™ืจื™ ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื”', ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืื•ื•ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื ืขืฉื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืช, ื•ืจืง ื ืฉืืจื” ืœื”ื ื˜ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ. ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืœื”ืกื™ืชื, ื ืคืœื• ื•ื—ื˜ืื•. ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื›ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื’, ื™ื‘): "ื”ึธืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืขึดืžึผึธื“ึดื™ ื”ึดื•ื ื ึธืชึฐื ึธื” ืœึผึดื™ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ ื•ึธืึนื›ึตืœ". ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื•ื“ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื ืชืช ืœื™ ืืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืขื™ืžื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš, ืฉืงืขืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืชืงืœืงืœื ื• ื•ื—ื˜ืื ื•", ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ืกืœื— ืœื• ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื•ืจืฉ ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื ืžืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืืช ื—ื˜ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื“ืงื“ืงื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืชืงื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื”, ื•ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืื” ื•ื”ื ืื” ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ื•ื”ื ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ - ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืจืš ืžื•ืขืœ ื•ื’ื•ื–ืœ
ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื-ืœ, ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืœืื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืจื ื ื™ื ืชื”ื™ืœืชื•, ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื•ื–ื•ื—ืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•, ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ื’ื•ืขืฉ ื•ื ืข ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•. ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื—ื•ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื™ืจื”.
ืœื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื ื•ื ื‘ืจื ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืœื” ืคืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื•ืจื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ืœืขื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืชืื ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื›ืš ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื•ืคืจื™. ื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืžืฆืžืฆื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฉืžืจืงืžื ืงืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืš, ื•ืืฃ ืฆื‘ืขื• ื•ืฆื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื•ืคืจื™ ืžืฉืจื™ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื•ื’ื ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื‘ ื•ืขื ื‘ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื•ืคืจื™, ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื‘ืจืื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ืกื•ื“ื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื•ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ.
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื•ื–ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื•ืžื›ื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘"ื”, ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”, ื): "ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืื“ื ืฉื™ื”ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” - ืžืขืœ... ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื”ื ื” ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ืฉืžื™ื". ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ื ื”ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืœื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื›ื™ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื’, ื›ื): "ืขึทื ื–ื•ึผ ื™ึธืฆึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึดื™ ืชึผึฐื”ึดืœึผึธืชึดื™ ื™ึฐืกึทืคึผึตืจื•ึผ". ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื ืœื‘ืจืš, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ื–ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื”', ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื ื”' ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื ื‘ืจื. ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืคื”, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจืื•. ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ื‘ืจื, ืฉื™ืชืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืฆืžื• ื–ื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื”'.
ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”, ื‘), ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืžืœื•ืื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื”', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื›ื“, ื): "ืœึทื”' ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผืžึฐืœื•ึนืึธื”ึผ ืชึผึตื‘ึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ึนืฉืึฐื‘ึตื™ ื‘ึธื”ึผ". ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืžื‘ืจืš, ืจื•ืฆื” ื”' ืฉื™ื”ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื ืœืžืขื ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื•, ื˜ื–): "ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืœื”' ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืึธื“ึธื".
ืขื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ืจืš, ืชืงื ืชื• ืฉื™ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื—ื›ื ื•ื™ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœื—ื›ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ืŸ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™.

ื’ - ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื—ืกื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืฉื” ื”' ืขืžื ื•, ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืœื ื• ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื ื‘ืจืš ื•ื ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉืžื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—, ื™): "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึถื™ืšึธ". ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืืœื ืฉืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ื•, ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื•ื–ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”' ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขืจืš ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”'. ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš. ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืœื ืคืฉืจ, ืืœื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”' ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉืžื• - "ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•". ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”' ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืจื ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื™ ืžืจื•ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืžื—ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื, ืื ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• - "ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื". ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื” ืืช ืฉืžื• ืื• ืืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• - ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž, ื‘).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”' ื ืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื›ื•, ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ืจื• ื ืชื’ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืื•ืจื• ืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ืจื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืœื•ื˜. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืžื–ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืœืžื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืœืžื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš. ื‘ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉืžื• ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”', ืจื•ืžื– ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืžื–ืขืจ ืžืžื ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื•. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•, ืจื•ืžื– ืœืžื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื•. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•". ืื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืœ ื ืกืชืจ, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•", "ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื•", ืฉืื– ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืชื ื•.
ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ื‘ืจื›ื”' - ืชื•ืกืคืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™. ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”): "ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืึถืช ืœึทื—ึฐืžึฐืšึธ", ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื™ืจื‘ื” ืืช ืœื—ืžืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–, ื™ื’): "ื•ึทืึฒื”ึตื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทืšึฐ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืคึฐืจึดื™ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึถืšึธ ื“ึผึฐื’ึธื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืชึดื™ืจึนืฉืึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื”ึธืจึถืšึธ ืฉืึฐื’ึทืจ ืึฒืœึธืคึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืฉืึฐืชึผึฐืจึนืช ืฆึนืื ึถืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึถื™ืšึธ ืœึธืชึถืช ืœึธืšึฐ", ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื ืš ื•ืื“ืžืชืš. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื”ื• ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื”', ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™, ื•ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•? ืืœื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœืžื• ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช, ืื•ืจื• ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื (ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื‘', ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘-ื“).
ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžืชื•ื•ืกืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ื ื•ืฆืจ ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืคืข, ืฉื“ืจื›ื• ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื˜ืœืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืจืžื–ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืืžืจื•, ืฉื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ ื™ื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื‘"ืง ืœ, ื), ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ืกื“ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.

ื“ - ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”
ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื™ืฉื ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื–ืืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื ืืชื• ืžืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืœื ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืžื ื•. ืกื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื“ืขืชื•.
ื›ืฉื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืชื ื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื–ื” ืฉืžื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืกืชืžื™, ืžืจืื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืชื•ื“ืชื• ืžืื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”, ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื“ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ื•ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—, ื“).
ืขืœ ืœื—ื ืžื‘ืจืš: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, ื). ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืจื ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื•, ื). ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–, ื’). ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ". ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื”: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—, ื-ื‘). ื•ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื—ืœื‘: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื•" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—, ื’). ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.

ื” - ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”
ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื”' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืื›ืœ ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข, ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื”' ืœื ื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื ื•ื“ื” ืœื”' ื•ื ื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—, ื™): "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื˜ึผึนื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ". ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื ืชื—ื–ืง ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืื›ืœื ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืจืขื‘, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืขืง ืืœ ื”'. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื”' ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• - ืœื”ืชื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”', ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”', ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื“-ื™. ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ื“, ื-ื“).
ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœืื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืื›ืœ ืคืช. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื›ืœ ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ, ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ', ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™, ื-ื‘).
ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื›ืœ ืื• ืฉืชื” ื•ื ื”ื ื” ืžืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื‘ืจืš ืœืื—ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืงืฆืจื” ืœื”', ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ื•ืจื ื ืคืฉื•ืช' (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™, ื“).
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื›'ื–ื™ืช', ืื• ื™ืฉืชื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฉืืจ ืœื• ืžื–ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ื—ืช, ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจืš (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™, ื”-ื™).
ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ื›ื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืขื’ืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื™ืคื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆื‘ื•ื ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืงื•, ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืื›ืœ ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืขืฆื•ื‘. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ื ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ื•ืขืชื” ื‘ื˜ื ื• ืžืœืื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื’ื– ื•ืžื™ื•ืืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื•. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ืช. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืคืจื™ื– ื•ืื›ืœ ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ืื ื™ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืคื’ื, ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื” (ืขื™' ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจืื™ื”, ื”ืขืœืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื•). ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”' (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”, ื™ื’).

ื• - ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืขื–ืจื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ืชืงื ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’, ื). ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืชืงื ื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ื“, ื), ืื•ืœื ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื” ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” (ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืœ).
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ื) ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ืื” ืฉืื“ื ื ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืกืคืจื ื• ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ื. ื‘) ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื. ื’) ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืฉื‘ื—, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคืจืง ื˜ื•). ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื, ื“).
ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš', ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื ื”' (ื”' ืื• ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•) ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• (ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื), ืื• ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื™ื“, ื, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘, ื•).
ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืคื”, ื). ืืžื ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ื” ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืงืคื”, ื). ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืœืžื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืจื’ื•ื (ืจืื• ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื–, ื—).

ื– - ื“ืจืš ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื”
ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื›ืš ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžืขื ื” ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื•. ื•ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื’ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืช 'ืืžืŸ' ื•ื™ืชืจื‘ื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืื•ืชื” ืœืื–ื ื™ื•, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื• ืืœื ืจืง ื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื”, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืคื”, ื‘-ื’, ืž"ื‘ ื‘-ื’). 1
ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื‘ื— ืœื”', ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื–, ื): "ืœื ื™ื–ืจื•ืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืคื™ื•", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžืฉื ื›ื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื”.
ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืชื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืœืื›ื” ืงืœื” ืืกื•ืจื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ื•"ื ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืฆื, ื’. ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“, ื™ื‘). ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื”, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ' ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“,ื™ื‘; ื™, ื’).
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืงืฆืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” - ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื—"ื ื”, ื™ื’).
ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืžื‘ืจืš, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืขืจื•ื•ืชื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื”, ื•ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ืœืขืจื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืขื“). ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ (ืž"ื‘ ืงืคื’, ื™ื, ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“, ื™ื‘). ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืจืืฉืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื’ื ืืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื” ืื• ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื”, ืื™ื ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ืขืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื ื™, ื”-ื•).

ื— - ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื”ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”
ื”ื ืฆืจืš ืœื ืงื‘ื™ื• ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืืคืง 72 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืจืš, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•. ื•ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืืคืง 72 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืจืš (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื˜).
ืฉืชื•ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืชืคืงื— ืžื™ื™ื ื•, ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ื˜, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื™ืžื•, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืื ื‘ื™ืจืš, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ื”, ื™ื).
ืขืฉื” ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืื• ืฉื ื’ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉืคืฉืฃ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื ืงื” ืื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ื‘ืจืš. ื•ืกืชื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื™ื ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื™ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื“, ื›ื’, ืž"ื‘ ื ื˜-ืกื).
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžื•ืœ ืขืจื•ื•ื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื’, ื™ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฆื•ืื” ื•ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืกืจื™ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื”. ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืื” ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื”. ื•ืื ืจื™ื—ื” ืžืชืคืฉื˜, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ืœื” ืจื™ื—ื”. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื ื‘ื™ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฆื•ืื”, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• (ืฉื ื’, ื˜-ื™).
ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื•ืืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืจื—ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืœื™ื“ื”. ื•ืื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืืช ืฆื•ืืชื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžื• ืžื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœื™ื”. ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืงืฆืจื” - ืชืชืจื—ืง ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ืชืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื—ื•, ื•ืชืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื”. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืจืชื” ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืขื“ ืฉืชืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ; ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืจื™ื—ื” ืืช ืฆื•ืืชื•, ืชื ืงื” ืื•ืชื• ื•ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืชื•ืœ, ืชื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”, ื•ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื”, ื, ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงืคื’, ื•, 'ืืคื™ืœื•', ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื, ื˜).

ื˜ - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ืช ืืžืŸ
ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ืจืš - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื• 'ืืžืŸ' (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื˜ื•, ื‘, ื•ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘, ื—). ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืžืขืœืชื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื˜, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื—ื• - ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœื• ืฉืขืจื™ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื•, ื‘): ืคึผึดืชึฐื—ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึธื‘ึนื ื’ื•ึนื™ ืฆึทื“ึผึดื™ืง ืฉืึนืžึตืจ ืึฑืžึปื ึดื™ื". ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉื ื‘ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœืช 'ืืžืŸ' - 'ืืœ ืžืœืš ื ืืžืŸ', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืช 'ืืžืŸ' ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”'. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ื”ืกืชืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื•ืžืจ ืืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื”' ื•ืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื‘ืืžืช, ื•ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœื• ืฉืขืจื™ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ.
ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ืช 'ืืžืŸ' 'ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•' - ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•. ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืช ื”'ืืžืŸ'. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืžืจื‘ื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื“, ื™ื‘). ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ืงื•ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš (ืž"ื‘ ืžื–).
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื’, ื‘): "ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš". ื•ืืžื ื ื–ื” ืฉืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช 'ืืžืŸ'. ืื‘ืœ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืžืขืœืช ื”ืžื‘ืจืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื›ืจื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš, ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืขื•ื ื” 'ืืžืŸ' ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืžืชืจื•ืžื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. (ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ืžื™ืœื” 'ืืžืŸ', ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื™ื” ื•ืื“ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื™ื”, ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืจื™ ืงื›ื•).
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืช 'ืืžืŸ', ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช, ืฉืืžืช ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš. ืฉืื ืฉืžืข, ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช "ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ", ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืชื•: ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”' ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช' ืฉื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ: ืืžืช ืฉื”' ื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ื’ื: ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ืขื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื“, ื•, ืž"ื‘ ื›ื”).
ืขื ื™ื™ืช 'ืืžืŸ' ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ื›ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืคื’ื•ืžื”, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”' ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืœื ื• ื ืคื’ืžืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืื™: "ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืืžืŸ ื™ืชื•ืžื” - ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื, ื—ื˜ื•ืคื” - ื™ืชื—ื˜ืคื• ื™ืžื™ื•, ืงื˜ื•ืคื” - ื™ืชืงื˜ืคื• ื™ืžื™ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืจื™ืš ื‘'ืืžืŸ' - ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื™ืžื™ื• ื•ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื•" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื–, ื).
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”'ืืžืŸ', ืœืื•ืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืœื ื™ืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”'ืืžืŸ', ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืื• ืœื”ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืคื” ืจืคื” ื•ืงื•ืœ ื—ืœืฉ. ื•ืœื ื™ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืช ื”'ืืžืŸ' ืžืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช 'ืืžืŸ-ื™ืชื•ืžื”' (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื“, ื—).
ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช 'ืืžืŸ' ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ื™ืงืฆืจ, ืืœื ื™ืขื ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื• 'ื-ืœ ืžืœืš ื ืืžืŸ' (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื“, ื—). ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœ'ืืžืŸ' ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• (ืจืž"ื ืงืกื–, ื‘). 2

ื™ - ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช
ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื™ืขื ื” ืื—ืจื™ื• 'ืืžืŸ' ื•ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื™ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืข, ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ื™ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืชื•. ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื•ืœื ืขื ื” 'ืืžืŸ', ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืชื• - ื™ืฆื (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื™ื’, ื‘-ื’, ื•ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, 4, ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘, ื–).
ืืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืœืœ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื“ื ื”ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ืจืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื”, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ื ื”ื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื”ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš 'ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•. ื•ื’ื ืื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื‘ืจืš, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ืจื•, ืืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื˜, ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• (ืจ"ื” ื›ื˜, ื‘, ืฉื•"ืข ืจื™ื’, ื‘).
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื– ื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืชื” ืžื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืกื–, ื™ื˜-ื›).



^ 1.. ืืžื ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืกืž"ื’ ื’ื ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจ"ื—, ืืฉื›ื•ืœ, ืชืจ"ื™, ืจื"ืฉ, ืื•"ื–, ืจืื‘"ื“, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ืจื”ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืœื ืœื—ืชืš ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื•, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืกื‘, ื“, 'ื™ืฆื', ื•ื‘ืจื›"ื” ื—"ื ื•, 4. ื•ืจืื• ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื, ื˜, 2. ื•ืฉืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื (ื—"ื“ ืื•"ื— ื’), ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
^ 2.. ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•" ืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืฉื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื ืชืคืฉื˜ ืžื ื”ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืฆืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ื•ืืฆืœ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืชืงื™ืขืช ืฉื•ืคืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•", ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื ื•ืช "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•" ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• (ืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ืงื— ืขืœ ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื, ื™ื; ืฉืž"ืฉ ื•ืžื’ืŸ ื—"ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืœื“-ืœื–, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื). ืื•ืœื ืžื ื’ื“, ืœืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืงื›ื“, ื™, ื•ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื‘ ืกื•"ืก ืฆื—, ืื ืขื ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•" ืœื ื™ืฆื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื•ืช "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•" ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ืขื ื” - ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืจื™ื’, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื“, ื›ื). ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขื ื•ืช "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•", ื’ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื ื•ืช - ื™ืขื ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื.

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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ืื™
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ืื™

    ื˜ื• ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข
  • ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื‘
ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ื”ืงื“ืžื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il