ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื•ืชื "ืš
  • ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
  • ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ื

ืœืฆืขืจื ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื

ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”-PDF ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ
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11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื‘ืก"ื“ ืืœื•ืœ ื”ืชืฉืค"ื• ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ืงื•ึผืžึดื™ ืื•ึนืจึดื™ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืก ) ืคืจืฉืช ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขืœื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื“ื™ื•ืžื ืžืžืคืจืฉื™ ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื 122 ืคืกื•ืงื™ื = ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึทืจ ืึฒ-ื“ึนื ึธื™ ื™ึฑ-ื”ึนื•ึดื” ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”. (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜ื• ื—). ื›ึดึผื™ ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื™ึถื—ึถื˜ึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื–ึฐื›ึผื•ึผ ืœึดื™ืจึทืฉื. (ืกืคื•ืจื ื•) ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื 6 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืชื•ื›ืŸ 3 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื•-3 ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” . (ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš) ืขืฉื”: ืงืจื™ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื โ€ข ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉืจ โ€ข ืœื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื™ื. ืœื ืชืขืฉื”: ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื ื™ื ื•ืช โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” โ€ข ืฉืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ืžื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื”. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจึดืฉึฐืืชึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึทืื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ. (ื›ื• ื) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืžึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ื ึดืชึฐื—ึทื™ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื›ึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืขึทื“ ืฉึถืื›ึธึผื‘ึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐื—ึดืœึฐึผืงื•ึผื”ึธ. ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ - ืื™ืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืืœื ืžื™ื“. ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืฉื›ืจื” ืชื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ. (ืกืคืจื™) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ, ืฉื‘ืฉื›ืจื” ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืขึทืœ ืฉืึถื”ึดื ึฐื—ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึถืžึฐื“ึผึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึธื”. ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึธื ื•ึผ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืคึฐื“ึดื™ืชึธึฝื ื•ึผ ืžึดื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื, ื•ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื• ื”' ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ื”ื ื—ื™ืœื ื• ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึถืžึฐื“ึผึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึธื” ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื•ืฆืืชื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื™ืืชืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื—ืœืชืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืฉื, ื•ืื– ืชื–ื›ื” ืœ-ื•ึดื™ืจึดืฉึฐืืชึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึทืื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ืœื‘ืš ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืชื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. (ื”ื”ืคืœืื”, ืชื•ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื—ืช"ืก) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื•ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึตืฆึตื ืœึทืžึดึผืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืขึทืœ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึถื™ืšึธ. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื—ืกืจ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืขื“ ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื”. ืœื–ื” ืืžืจ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ื—ืกืจ, ื›ืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืืœื ืฉื”ื•' ื”ื•ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื‘ื ืื ื›ืŸ ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื™ื“ ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื›ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื. ืœื–ื” ืืžืจ ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึธึผ ืžึตืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ื’ื•' 'ืชืงื— ืžืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”', ืื‘ืœ ืืžืจ ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึธึผ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืงื‘ืœืชืš ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžืขืฉื”, ื•ื›ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆืจืคื” ืœืžืขืฉื”. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ) ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื™ื‘ืช ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืฆืจื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืจืžื– ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”', ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื•ื”. ื•ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ื‘"ืจ ืคืž"ื‘ ืก"ื’) ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื•ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื“) ืžืฆื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืœ ืขืช ื•ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื•: ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. (ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืœ"ื”) ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ืคืจืฉื” ืœืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ (ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื• ื‘) ื‘ึตึผืจึทืšึฐ ืขึทืœ ืคึตึผืจื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึดื™ืœึธืŸ, ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืคึฐึผืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” โ€“ ื™ึธืฆึธื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื›ื• ื‘) ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึธึผ ืžึตืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืคึฐึผืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืชึธึผื‘ึดื™ื ืžึตืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ (ื›ื• ื™) ื•ึฐืขึทืชึธึผื” ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ืคึฐึผืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ืœึดึผื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืึตื™ืŸ ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทืคึตึผืจื•ึนืช ื—ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื›ึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืึถืœึธึผื ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื”ึทืžึดึผื™ื ึดื™ืŸ ื‘ึดึผืœึฐื‘ึทื“. ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืคึฐึผืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”. (ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืงืจื) ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื™ื•ื ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื™. ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ - ื"ืจ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื ื“ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ. (ืžืœืื›ืช ืฉืœืžื”) ื•ึฐืขึธื ึดื™ืชึธ ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึตึผืจึถื“ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึทื™ึธึผื’ื‡ืจ ืฉึธืื ื‘ึดึผืžึฐืชึตื™ ืžึฐืขึธื˜ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืฉึธืื ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืขึธืฆื•ึผื ื•ึธืจึธื‘. (ื›ื• ื”) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืœืžื™ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืืœื ืจืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื•ึทื™ึตึผืจึถื“ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึฐืžึธื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืคื–.) ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืืจื ื•ื›ืฉืจืื” ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื ืขืžื“ ื•ื”ื’ืœืŸ ืœื‘ื‘ืœ. ื•ื”ื›ื ื ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื” ืžื’ื–ืจืช ื”ืณ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืืจื ื›ืดื‘ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘ืดื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ื™. ืขืดื› ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืœื”ื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื. (ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ) ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ - ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ื‘ึผึดืงึผึตืฉื ืœึทืขึฒืงึนืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืจึธื“ึทืฃ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, ื•ึผื‘ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ืœ ืฉืึถื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ ืœื•ึน ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื›ึผึฐืึดืœึผื•ึผ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”, ืฉืึถืึปืžึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื—ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ึทืงึผึธื‘ึผึธ"ื” ืžึทื—ึฒืฉืึธื‘ึธื” ื›ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœื•ืก ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืึฒืจึทืžึธึผืึธื”. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื - ื•ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืืœื• ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืืจื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ ื‘ืœื ืžืžื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ื”ื™ื” ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืจืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืื‘ื™ ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืืœ ืืจื ื’ื ื’ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ึดึผืžึฐืชึตื™ ืžึฐืขึธื˜ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื• - ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ึธื” ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืžึธื” ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืื•ึนื‘ึตื“, ืฉึถืืœึนึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืžื•ึนืฉึธืื‘, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžื•ึผื›ึธืŸ ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืœึธืจึถืฉึถืืช ืึธืจึถืฅ. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืื•ื”"ื— - ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึทืจ 'ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™', ื›ึดึผื™ ืึธื‘ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืื•ึนื‘ึตื“ ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืขึถื” ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืœึถื” ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึดึผืžึฐืชึตื™ ืžึฐืขึธื˜ ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืณ, ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึตื ื•ึผ ื”ืณ ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนืณ. ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉ"ืจ - ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืืจืžื™ ืขืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ 'ืžืื‘ื™ื“' ืื• 'ืžืื‘ื“', ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ืื‘ื™ื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึทื™ึตึผืจึถื“ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึฐืžึธื”, ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื ืกื‘ื‘ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืจืื” ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื•ืžืœืช ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืจื. ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจ - ืขืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืกื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื ืืจืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืืจื ื ื”ืจื™ื, ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืืจืฅ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื•, ื•ื”ืœืš ืžื’ื•ื™ ืืœ ื’ื•ื™ ื•ืžืžืžืœื›ื” ืืœ ืขื ืื—ืจ. ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืืœื ืจืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• โ€“ ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื ืงืกื•:) ืคื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืคืœ ืขืœ ืขืฉื• ื›ืฉืฉืœื— ืœื• ื™ืขืงื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื‘ ื”) ืขึดื ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ื’ึทึผืจึฐืชึดึผื™, ื›ื™ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื 'ืจื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื—ืจืฉื™ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืกืžื™ืŸ', ืึธืžึทืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึทื‘ึผึธื, ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื™ื•ึนื“ึฐืขึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึธื‘ึธืŸ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทื—ึฒื›ึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึผึฐื›ึทืฉึผืึฐืคึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึผื•ึนืกึฐืžึดื™ื, ื•ึผืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึฐืึทื‘ึผึตื“ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึผึดื›ึฐืฉืึธืคึธื™ื•, ืœึนื ื ึดืฆึผึทืœ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืžึทื” ืฉึผืึถื™ึผึธื“ึทืข ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื โ€“ ืžึดืžึผึถื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึธืชื•ึผื‘ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดืœึฐืขึธื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืžึฐื‘ึนืจึธืšึฐ ื•ึทืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึธืึนืจ ื™ื•ึผืึธืจ, ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืคื•ึนื—ึฒื“ึดื™ื ืžึดืœึผึธื‘ึธืŸ ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึฐืฉืึธืคึธื™ื•. ื•ึฐื“ึธื‘ึธืจ ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธืœึทื— ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืœึฐืขึตืฉื‚ึธื• โ€“ ืึธืžึทืจ ืขึดื ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ื’ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™. ืชื“ืข ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื•ื‘"ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืœื—ืžืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขื ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ืœื–ื• ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืœืขื” ืžืคื™ื”. ืœื›ืš ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื• ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืฉื, ื•ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืจืง ืฉื ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื“ืข ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ื ื” ืžืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ืžืื”. (ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื”ืจืฆ"ื, ืื•ืช ืจืคื’) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืœืžืœื ืจื™ืžื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ื‘ืชืชื• ืœื• ืืช ืœืื” ืœืคื ื™ ืจื—ืœ, ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื™ืชื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื. (ื‘ืจื›ืช ืืฉืจ ืขื”"ืช) ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ โ€“ ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ ื”) 'ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืึฒืจึทืžึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึดึผืœึฐืขึธื', ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื.) ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืื•ึนืชึธื”ึผ ืขึตืฆึธื”: ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื, ื•ึฐืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘, ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน. ื‘ึผึดืœึฐืขึธื ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืขึทืฅ โ€” ื ึถื”ึฑืจึทื’, ืึดื™ึผื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถืฉึผืึธืชึทืง โ€” ื ึดื™ื“ึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึดืกึผื•ึผืจึดื™ืŸ. ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธืจึทื— โ€” ื–ึธื›ื•ึผ ืžึดื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึธื™ื• ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐืœึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืช ื”ึทื’ึผึธื–ึดื™ืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื“ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืขื ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ื“ื”ืœื ื‘ืœืขื ื™ืขืฅ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœื™ืื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืึนื‘ึตื“ ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืจ"ืช ืื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืœืขื ื™ืชืจื•, ืœื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื ืื‘ื“ ื•ื ื“ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืขืฅ ืœื”ืื‘ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. (ืืžืจื•ืช ื”') ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึดืึตื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึถึผืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื. (ื›ื• ื˜) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื–ึถื” ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื”ึทืžึดึผืงึฐื“ึธึผืฉื, ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืช โ€“ ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ 440 ืฉื ื” ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืžืช ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ: ืฉึถืืึดื ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึปืžึผื•ึนืช ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ: ืœึดืกึฐื˜ึดื™ื ืึทืชึถึผื, ืฉึถืื›ึฐึผื‘ึทืฉึฐืืชึถึผื ืึทืจึฐืฆื•ึนืช ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึธื” ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื! ื”ึตื ืื•ึนืžึฐืจึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื: ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืฉึถืืœ ื”ึทืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึดื™ื, ื”ื•ึผื ื‘ึฐึผืจึธืึธื”ึผ ื•ึผื ึฐืชึธื ึธื”ึผ ืœึทืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึธืฉึธืืจ ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึธื™ื•. ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน ื ึฐืชึธื ึธื”ึผ ืœึธื”ึถื, ื•ึผื‘ึดืจึฐืฆื•ึนื ื•ึน ื ึฐื˜ึธืœึธื”ึผ ืžึตื”ึถื ื•ึผื ึฐืชึธื ึธื”ึผ ืœึธื ื•ึผ. ื”ืจืื™ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื ื• ื”ืœื ื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืกื ื—) ืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืฉึนื‚ื ึตื ื’ึธื–ึตืœ ื‘ึฐึผืขื•ึนืœึธื”, ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืฉืจื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืฉื›ื™ื ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึดืึตื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ื”ืž"ืง ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึถึผืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืช, ืฉืœื ืœืงื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื–ืœื” ืžืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื. (ืื“ืจืช ืืœื™ื”ื•) ื•ึทื™ึฐืฆึทื• ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืœึตืืžึนืจ. (ื›ื– ื™ื) ืจ"ืช ืžืื”ื‘ื” ืœืจืžื•ื– ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื™ื ืฆืœื• ืžื”ืงืœืœื•ืช. ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืœื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื•ืข"ืค ื–ื” ืืžืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื“ืืžืจื• ื‘ื–ื”ืจ ื“ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื•ื’ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื. ื—ึดื ึผึธื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฆ"ื— ื•ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืฆ"ื— ืงืœืœื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืขื”"ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืื– ื ืชื‘ืจืš ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืœึฐืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื’ึผื•ึนืึตืœ ื‘ื‘"ื. (ื ื—ืœ ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื) ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื ื‘) ื—ึดื ึธึผื ื ึดืžึฐื›ึทึผืจึฐืชึถึผื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ืชึดึผื’ึธึผืึตืœื•ึผ. ื•ืจื–"ืœ ืืžืจื• ืึนื”ึตื‘ ื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื ื—ืจื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื•ื–ื” ืจืžื– ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื—ึดื ึธึผื ื ึดืžึฐื›ึทึผืจึฐืชึถึผื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื ื•ื"ื› ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื•ื–ืฉ"ื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื‘ึฐื›ึถืกึถืฃ ืžืฆื•ืช ืชึดึผื’ึธึผืึตืœื•ึผ ืจืง ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื“ื•ืงื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืช ื—ื ื. (ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืช) ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึธื›ื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ึปืšึธ ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึดืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ. (ื›ื— ื‘) ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื”ึทืงึฐึผืœึธืœื•ึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื•ึผืจึฐื“ึธืคื•ึผืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทื“ ื”ึดืฉึธึผืืžึฐื“ึธืšึฐ (ื›ื— ืžื”) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ึปืšึธ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื—ืกืจ ื•', ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ื•ึผืšึธ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืžืœื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื—ืกืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ืืœื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืžื ื• ืงืฆืช. ืฉืื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื–ื” ืื—ืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืื”, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืขื•ื ืžื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื™ื”ื ื” ืžืžื ื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื—ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื ืจืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ืืžืจ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ื•ึผืšึธ ืžืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื™ื˜ืขื•ื ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืœื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื›ืื—ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉื›ื—ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื”. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื›ืชื‘ - ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ื•ึผืšึธ ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ืžืœื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืกืจ, ื‘ืงืœืœื•ืช ืžืœื ื•' ืœืจืžื•ื– ืขืœ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื) ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื‘ึฐืฆึธืจึธื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื•' ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื›' ื‘ึฐึผืงื•ึนืœ ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑ-ืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื›"ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™-ื”ื•ื”. (ืฉืคืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ) ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืฆึตืืชึถืšึธ. (ื›ื— ื•) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืฉึถืืชึฐึผื”ึตื ื™ึฐืฆึดื™ืึธืชึฐืšึธ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึฐึผืœึนื ื—ึตื˜ึฐื ื›ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืึธืชึฐืšึธ ืœึธืขื•ึนืœึธื. (ื‘"ืž ืงื–.) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื‘ืงืœืœื” ืืžืจ ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืฆึตืืชึถืšึธ. (ื›ื— ื™ื˜) ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืฆึตืืชึถืšึธ ื‘ืฆืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ื—ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืข. ืืœื ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ ื‘ื‘ื™ืืชื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืืžืื™ ื”ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื˜ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื— ื“) ื–ึนืจื•ึผ ืจึฐืฉึธืืขึดื™ื ืžึตืจึธื—ึถื ืคื™ืจืฉ"ื™ - ืžืžืขื™ ืืžื ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืขืฉื” ืขืฉื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื” ื›ื‘) ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึฐืจึนืฆึฐืฆื•ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืจึทื‘ึผื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื“ึฐึผืจึธืฉืื•ึผื”ื•ึผ ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ 'ืจึดื™ืฆึธื”': ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืขื•ึนื‘ึถืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ืคึดึผืชึฐื—ึตื™ ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ืฉึถืืœ ืฉึตืื ื•ึธืขึตื‘ึถืจ โ€“ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืจึธืฅ ื•ึผืžึฐืคึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืก ืœึธืฆึตืืช. ืขื•ึนื‘ึถืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ืคึดึผืชึฐื—ึตื™ ืขึฒื‘ื•ึนื“ึธื” ื–ึธืจึธื” โ€“ ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืžึฐืคึทืจึฐื›ึตึผืก ืœึธืฆึตืืช (ื‘"ืจ ืกื’ ื•) ื•ื›ืŸ ืืจื–"ืœ (ื™ื•ืžื ืคื‘:) ื”ึธื”ึดื™ื ืขื•ึผื‘ึผึธืจึธื” ื“ึผึฐืึธืจึทื—ึธื ืžืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ืจื™ื—ื” ื•ื ืชืื•ื•ืชื” ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื”ื›"ืค, ืึฒืชื•ึน ืœึฐืงึทืžึผึตื™ื”ึผ ื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื“ึผึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื—ึฒื ึดื™ื ึธื. ืึฒืžึทืจ ืœึฐื”ื•ึผ: ืœึฐื—ื•ึผืฉืื•ึผ ืœึธื”ึผ ืœื—ืฉื• ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ื”ื›"ืค ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ึฐืœึธื ืึดื™ืœึผึฐื—ึดื™ืฉืึธื ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืื•ื•ืช ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ืงึธืจึตื™ ืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึผ: 'ื–ื•ึนืจื•ึผ ืจึฐืฉืึธืขึดื™ื ืžึตืจึธื—ึถื'. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืžื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื ื–ืจื™ื ื ึฐืคึทืง ืžึดื™ื ึผึทื”ึผ ื™ืฆื ืžืžื ื” ืฉืึทื‘ึผึฐืชึทืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืึธืฆึทืจ ืคึผึตื™ืจึตื™ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ืจืขื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืงื™ืข ืžื—ื™ืจื ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืงืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ. ืื™ ื ืžื™ โ€“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื ื“ื” ืœ:) ื”ึทื•ึธึผืœึธื“ ื‘ึดึผืžึฐืขึตื™ ืึดืžึผื•ึน ืžึฐืœึทืžึฐึผื“ึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ื›ึผื•ึผืœึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึฐืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื™ื•ึนืฆึตื ืžึดืฉึธึผืื ืขึทื“ ืฉึถืืžึทึผืฉึฐืื‘ึดึผื™ืขึดื™ืŸ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน ืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ืฆึทื“ึดึผื™ืง ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ืจึธืฉึธืืข. ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื”ืจืฉื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืžืคืจืข ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”. ืื™ ื ืžื™ โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ืฆื”"ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืจืข ื›ืคื™ ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ืจืข ืฉืœื• ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื’ื ืฉื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื™ึดื˜ึฐื”ึทืจ ื’ึธึผื‘ึถืจ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื”"ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ , ืž"ืž ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืืชื• ื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืจ ื“ืจื•ื‘ื• ืจืข ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ื” ืืจื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื•. ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืจืžื•ื– ืžืืžืจ ืจื–"ืœ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื–:) ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึธื” ืžึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื, ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื”ึตืŸ: ื“ึผึดื™ืจึธื” ื ึธืึธื”, ื•ึฐืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื ึธืึธื”, ื•ึฐื›ึตืœึดื™ื ื ึธืึดื™ื. ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ ืจ"ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืฉื” ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืื™ื ืžึทืจึฐื—ึดื™ื‘ึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึทืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื, ื›ืž"ืฉ ื—ื–"ืœ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงื›ื—) ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื›ึดื™ ื›ึตืŸ ื™ึฐื‘ึนืจึทืšึฐ ื’ึธึผื‘ึถืจ ื‘-ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึถืšึธ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื ื•ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ืฉืงื˜ ืžื‘ื•ื›ืช ืชืื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. (ืคื ื™ ื“ื•ื“) ืื™ ื ืžื™ - ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืงืœืœื• ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืžืฆื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœื ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืื›ืœื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ึผืžึฐืฉึทืืœึตึผื ืœึฐืฉึนื‚ื ึฐืึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ืคึธึผื ึธื™ื• ืœึฐื”ึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ื“ื•ึน. (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื– ื™) (ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข โ€“ ื‘ื‘"ืž ืงื–.) ื™ึดืคึฐืชึทึผื— ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ืื•ึนืฆึธืจื•ึน ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ืœึธืชึตืช ืžึฐื˜ึทืจ ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืขึดืชึผื•ึน ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึตืช ื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืœึฐื•ึดื™ืชึธ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืจึทื‘ึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืœึนื ืชึดืœึฐื•ึถื”. (ื›ื— ื™ื‘) ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื”:) ืขืœ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืคึผึฐื“ึธืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ ืžืจื•ื“ ื•ืคื ื” ืืœ ื”ืฉื™"ืช ื‘ึผึดืชึฐื—ึดื ึผึธื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื• 'ืขื“ ืžืชื™ ืืกื‘ื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”' ? ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืื ื ื•ื— ืœืš ืฉืื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืจืืฉื™ืชื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืื– ืชื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื ืกื” ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™. ืฉืืœื• ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ - ื”ืื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ืขืชื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ืื—ื™ื” ืขื•ื“? ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืื ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ ืื• ืœืื•? ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื•. ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ, ืืžืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ืึดื ื›ึผึตืŸ, 'ืœึธื ื‘ึผึธืขึตื™ื ึธื' ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”. ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืžื” ืกื‘ืจ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื‘ึผึถืŸ ืคึผึฐื“ึธืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื—ืคืฅ ืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื–ืœื•, ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืžื™ืจืืชื• ืคืŸ ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืงื•ื ื•, ื•ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ื•ืžื ืœื—:) ื›ึผึตื™ื•ึธืŸ ืฉืึถื™ึผึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืจื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึฐื ื•ึนืชึธื™ื• ืฉืึถืœ ืึธื“ึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื—ึธื˜ึธื โ€” ืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ื—ื•ึนื˜ึตื, ืฉืึถื ึผึถืึฑืžึทืจ: 'ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ ื—ึฒืกึดื™ื“ึธื™ื• ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึนืจ', ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื• ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืขื•ื“. ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืš ืกืจื‘ ืœึฐื”ึดื•ึผึธืœึตื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืœ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื” ื•ื›ื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“. (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื) ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ (ืฉ"ื‘ ื›ื‘ ื›ื“) ื•ึธืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืชึธืžึดื™ื ืœื•ึน ื•ึธืึถืฉึฐืืชึทึผืžึฐึผืจึธื” ืžึตืขึฒื•ึบื ึดื™. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ืข"ื” ืื•ืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™ื— ื›ื“) ื•ึธืึฑื”ึดื™ ืชึธืžึดื™ื ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึธืึถืฉึฐืืชึทึผืžึตึผืจ ืžึตืขึฒื•ึบื ึดื™. ืื™ืš ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉืžืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื ? ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืฉึฐืื ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึธื”ึถื ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืชื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืœ"ื• ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœื•ึน ืฉื ื™ื ืื– ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืžืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื ืขื•ื“. ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”.(ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื™ื“ืข ื™ื•ืžื ืœื—:) ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฉึธืืžึถื™ืšึธ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึทืœ ืจึนืืฉึฐืืšึธ ื ึฐื—ึนืฉึถืืช ื•ึฐื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืชึทึผื—ึฐืชึถึผื™ืšึธ ื‘ึทึผืจึฐื–ึถืœ. (ื›ื— ื›ื’) ืคืจืฉ"ื™ - ืงึฐืœึธืœื•ึนืช ื”ึทืœึธึผืœื•ึผ โ€“ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืžึดืคึดึผื™ ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน ืึฒืžึธืจึธืŸ; ื•ึฐืฉึถืื‘ึฐึผื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ โ€“ ืžึดืคึดึผื™ ื”ึทืงึธึผื“ื•ึนืฉื ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ื”ื•ึผื ืึฒืžึธืจึธืŸ. (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื:) ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ื•ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืŸ (ื›ื— ืกื˜) ืึตืœึถึผื” ื“ึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึธึผื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึถืช ืžึนืฉึถืื” ืœึดื›ึฐืจึนืช ืึถืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืฆื•ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืขืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืœื•ืช ื•ืงืœืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืœื” ื”ืืœื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื ืฆื•ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืžืฉื” ืงืœืœื ืžืคื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื• ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึผึตื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืืœื ื™ึทื›ึฐึผื›ึธื” ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื”. (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืงื ื™ื) ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ื’ืจื•ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ืจื•ื ื• ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื ื›ืืœื• ื”ืฉื™"ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื• ืœืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื ื›ืฉืืžืจื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืข"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ื’ืจื•ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื ืืžืจื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžืืžืจ ืฉืืจ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขืŸ ืžื”ืงื‘"ื”. (ื‘ื ื™ื”ื• โ€“ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืœื:) ื’ึทึผื ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื—ึณืœึดื™ ื•ึฐื›ื‡ืœ ืžึทื›ึธึผื” (ื›ื— ืกื) ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื—ึณืœึดื™ ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฆ"ื— ื›ื™ ืฆ"ื— ืงืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆ"ื— ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ืฆ"ื— ืคื ื™ื ืž"ื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืž"ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืš ืฆ"ื— ืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื. (ื ื—ืœ ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื) ืฉึดืืคึฐืขึทืช ื’ึฐึผืžึทืœึดึผื™ื ืชึฐึผื›ึทืกึตึผืšึฐ ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐืจึตื™ ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึตื™ืคึธื” ื›ึปึผืœึธึผื ืžึดืฉึฐึผืื‘ึธื ื™ึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื” ื™ึดืฉึธึผื‚ืื•ึผ ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดืœึนึผืช ื™ึฐ-ื”ึนื•ึธื” ื™ึฐื‘ึทืฉึตึผื‚ืจื•ึผ. (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืก ื•) ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ืฉืืœื” โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœืžื” ื›ึปึผืœึธึผื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžึดืฉึฐึผืื‘ึธื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” โ€“ ืืžืจื• ืจื–"ืœ (ืžืฉื ื” ืข"ื– ื™ื’:) ืึตืœึผื•ึผ ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืœึดืžึฐื›ึผื•ึนืจ ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืึดืฆึฐื˜ึฐืจื•ึนื‘ึฐืœึดื™ืŸ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืช ืฉืื•ึผื—ึท, ื•ึผืคึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืจื•ึนืช, ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื”, ื•ึฐืชึทืจึฐื ึฐื’ื•ึนืœ ื”ึทืœึผึธื‘ึธืŸ. ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื–ื›ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืฉื ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ืœื’ื•ื™ ื“ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœืข"ื– ืœื•ืงื—ื”. ืื ื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืื™ืš ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื ื”ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ื ืžืกืชืžื ื”ื•ืงืฆื” ืœืข"ื–, ืœื›ืš ืืžืจ ื›ึปึผืœึธึผื ืžึดืฉึฐึผืื‘ึธื ื™ึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืฉืฉื ืžืงื•ื ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืœืจื•ื‘. ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื• ื›) ืœึธืžึผึธื” ื–ึผึถื” ืœึดื™ ืœึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื” ืžึดืฉึผืึฐื‘ึธื ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ืž"ื ื™ ื™) ื•ึผื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึทืจึฐื‘ึผึตื” ืžึฐืึนื“ ื•ึฐืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื™ึฐืงึธืจึธื” ืœึนื ื‘ึธื ื›ึทื‘ึผึนืฉื‚ึถื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืขื•ึนื“ ืœึธืจึนื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึฐื ึธื” ืžึทืœึฐื›ึผึทืช ืฉืึฐื‘ึธื ืœึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”. ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื– ื›ื‘) ืจึนื›ึฐืœึตื™ ืฉืึฐื‘ึธื ื•ึฐืจึทืขึฐืžึธื” ื”ึตืžึผึธื” ืจึนื›ึฐืœึธื™ึดืšึฐ ื‘ึผึฐืจึนืืฉื ื›ึผึธืœ ื‘ึผึนืฉื‚ึถื ื•ื’ื•', ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืืฆืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘ ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ื•ึนื ึธื” ื™ึดืฉึธึผื‚ืื•ึผ. (ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืงืจื) ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” , ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” , ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื•ืช ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื”ืจื‘ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืŸ ืืกืชืจ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช [email protected]
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ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื

ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช

    ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื” - ื–

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ
    36 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืกืคืงื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืจื•ื‘, ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
    48 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื "ืš

    ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš, ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืกืงืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

    ื™"ื ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš
    28 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”"ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ื•ื“ โ€“ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืืœื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื™"ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ
    45 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื’'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืžืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืขื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
    1:03
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื

    ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื | ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” | ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื
    34 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื

    ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–

    ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื” ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื• ื–) ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื
    27 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ืชืจืข"ื˜ - ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. ื›ื›ื” ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืš ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืžืฆื“ืงื•ืชื•. ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื ื•ืฆื—ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il