ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื’ืžืจื
  • ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™
  • ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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17 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื
ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื—. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืชืงื ืชื ืชืขืงื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื•ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช, ืื•ืœื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืงืœื ื•ื”ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช: ื. ื”ืคืงืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืงืจ. ื‘. ืขืงื™ืจืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”. ื’. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื. ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื”ื•ื "ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”".
ืœืคื™ ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื–ืจ, ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืขื ืžืžื–ืจืช, ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ ื•ื›ื“' 1 .
ื ื‘ืจืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืื ื—ื–"ืœ ืขื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ื•ืชืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”.

ืžืงื•ืจ
ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืžืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื "ื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดืงึผึดืจึฐื‘ึผึฐืšึธ ืžึตืึทื—ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึธืžึนื ึดื™ ื™ึธืงึดื™ื ืœึฐืšึธ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืขื•ึผืŸ" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื—, ื˜ื•), ื•ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืžืžื ื• ื”ื’ืžืจื: "ืืœื™ื• ืชืฉืžืขื•ืŸ โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืžืข ืœื•". ื”ื’ืžืจื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉืฉื ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ "ืืœื™ื• ืชืฉืžืขื•ืŸ" ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืฉืื ื™. ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืœืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ืœืง ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ืจืง ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื— โ€“ ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคืกื•ืง ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืขื–ืจื (ื™, ื—) ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื•: "ื•ึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืœึดืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื›ึผึทืขึฒืฆึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทื–ึผึฐืงึตื ึดื™ื ื™ึธื—ึณืจึทื ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึฐื›ื•ึผืฉืื•ึน ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ื™ึดื‘ึผึธื“ึตืœ ืžึดืงึผึฐื”ึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืœึธื”".
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” (ื—ืœืง ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืจื ื“) ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื• ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” "ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš" ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื". ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื˜-ื™ื) ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึผื‘ึธืืชึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึผึดื ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึนืคึตื˜ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื•ึฐื“ึธืจึทืฉืึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึตืช ื“ึผึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜. ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ื”' ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืจื•ึผืšึธ. ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืจื•ึผืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ืœึนื ืชึธืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœ". ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’ ืข"ื ืฉื•ืืœืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” "ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื•" ื”ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ "ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ". ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื— ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื "ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื•" ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชื™ืฉืžืจ. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืงื ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื ื–ื”ื• ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช. ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชืงื ื” ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื™ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืœื ื”ืชืงื ื”.
ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ื˜ื– ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืœืžื”). ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืชืงื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชืงื™ืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืื• ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื• ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• "ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš" ื•"ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ" 2 .
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืืœื ืฉืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื‘ืจื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื”. ืจื‘ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื›ื— ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืืœื ื”ื›ื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืกื™ื™ื’ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื”.
ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ื™ืฉื ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ "ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื", ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœื ื“ืจื™ื (ืฆ ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ื—ื–ืจื•). ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื’ื ืขืงื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœืขืงื™ืจื” ืžื“ืขืชื ืืœื ืฉืื—ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช "ื›ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš". ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืฆื™ืœื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื–"ืœ, ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ื™ืฉ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื”, ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื‘ืืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ื•ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜.
ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื (ืื•"ื— ืชืงืคื— ืžืฉื‘"ื– ืก"ืง ื”) ืžื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืฉืžืจืชื ืืช ืžืฉืžืจืชื™" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—, ืœ). ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื›ื ืข"ื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืจืžื– ืœืฉื ื™ื•ืช (ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ) ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžืฉื ื” (ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™) ืžื‘ื™ื ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื•ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื•ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื•ื”ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ื ืฉืฆื•ื” ื”' ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืืžืจื• ื•ืฉืžืจืชื ืืช ืžืฉืžืจืชื™, ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœื” ืขืฉื• ืžืฉืžืจืช ืœืžืฉืžืจืชื™" 3 .
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ืืžืจื” ืฉื–ื• ืจืง ืืกืžื›ืชื? ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ืืช ืจืง ื›ืืกืžื›ืชื, ืืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฆื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืจืฉื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื ืืžืจ ื›ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืงืฉืชื” ืฉืื ื›ืŸ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืžื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“, ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืจืชื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ืืš ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื” ืืœื ืžืกืจื” ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืœื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื โ€“ ืื•ืœื ืื ื–ื”ื• ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืงืฉื” ื›ื™ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
ื’ื ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ (ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืฆื–) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœืชื•ืจื”. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืขืฆื ื”ื›ื— ืœืกื™ื™ื’ ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืื• ื”ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื•ืœื, ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœืกืžื›ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืžื ื ื ืชื ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืืš ืจืง ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืจืฅ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• (ืื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช) ืฉืื ื ืžืกืจื” ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืžืกืจื” ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืืš ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื•, ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ืื ืžืฆื•ื” ืื—ืช ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืืœื™ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ืขื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื". ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืจืฅ ืฉืกื‘ืจื ื”ื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื’ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”.

ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื โ€“ ืื• ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืขืงื™ืจื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”. ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืจื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื™ื”. ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื” ืœืœื ื”ื‘ืืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ.
ืขื•ื“ ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ, ืฉื‘ื›ืš ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืื ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืชืงื ืชื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื”, ืืš ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืชืงื ืชื.

ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื
ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื— ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื‘ืื”: "ืืœื™ื• ืชืฉืžืขื•ืŸ โ€“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืžืข ืœื•", ื•ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคืกื•ืง ืžืคื•ืจืฉ "ืืœื™ื• ืชืฉืžืขื•ืŸ", ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืฉื ืœืžื“ ืžืฉื ื’ื ืœืฉืืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš "ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืฉืื ื™". ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืจืฆืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื ืœืคื™ ืฉืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื”. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ "ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื".
ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื“"ื” ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ: "ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืชืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื".
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืžืจื. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืœืคื ื™ื ื• "ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืฉืื ื™", ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื "ืืœื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืฉืื ื™". ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื "ืืœื".
ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ื“"ื” ื•ื ื’ืžืจ) ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืขืงื™ืจื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืชืงื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื "ืืœื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืฉืื ื™", ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœื’ื™ืจืกื ื–ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื’ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืœืฉืขื” ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืืœื ืฉืžืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืจืง ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืจืง ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฉืขื”.
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคืจืฆืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื“ืจ ื•ืชืงื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื” ืœืฉืขื” ืืœื ืžื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช), ื•ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื”' ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืจื‘ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื“ืขืชื• ื•"ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช" ืœืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืืœื", ืืš ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืงืจื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืจื‘ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื’ืจื•ืก "ืืœื", ื•ืœื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžืกื™ื™ื’ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืฉืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ืŸ ืืš ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืจืง ืœืฉืขื”.
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืฉืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ื”ื ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื‘ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืจื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืก ื•ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืืฉืชื• ืชื—ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• "ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช" ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื”, ืืš ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจื‘ื” ืื›ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ ืžื›ืš ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื’ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืชื”ื ืœืฉืขื” ื•ืœื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ืก "ืืœื".
ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื ื ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื (ืฆ ืข"ื‘), ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื’ื™ืจืกืช ืžืงืฆืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืจืกื™ื ืฉื ืืœื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžืœืชื ืฉืื ื™, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืš ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืชืจื•ืžื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœืžื ืคืฉืข ืืคืงื•ื” ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžืœืชื ื”ื•ื". ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœื’ื•ืจืกื™ื "ืืœื" ื”ืžืงืฉืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ื•ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื 4 . ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื’ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืชืจื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืžื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื. ืขื•ื“ ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืžืจืช ื˜ืžืื” ืื ื™ (ื”ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื) ื”ืชืงื ื” ืื™ื ื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช 5 .

ืœืืกื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื
ื”ื˜"ื– (ื™ื•"ื“ ืงื™ื–) ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœืืกื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ. ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง (ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™' ืงืžื’, ืขืž' ืฉื™ื– 6 ) ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืžื•ื” ืžืกื‘ืจื. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”) ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืืกื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื•ืžืชืจืฅ ืฉืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ ืžื™ืœืชื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื˜ืขื•ืช, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืชืงื ื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.

ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”
ื”ื’ืžืจื ืžืงืฉื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžื ืœืืฉืชื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ืœื•, ื•ืžืชืจืฆืช ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืจืฉื” ื•ืœื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžื ืœื•. ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื“"ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ) ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื›ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ืžื•ืจ ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื‘"ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”". ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื. ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื’ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืคื— ืข"ื (ื“"ื” ืžืชื•ืš) ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ื™, ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืืฉื” ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉ"ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ" ื•ื‘ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื“ื ื’ื ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ.
ื‘ื“ืฃ ืคื— ืข"ื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืื• ืžืฆื“ ืื ืŸ ืกื”ื“ื™ ืื• ืฉื”ืคืงื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื™ืื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืก'. ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื”ื ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื›ืคืฉื˜ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืื›ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”"? ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื‘ืจื ืœืชืงืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ืจื ืœืชืงืŸ ืœื ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื• ืžืฉื ืขืœ ืจื‘ื”, ืืœื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืžืฉื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืืš ืœื ื‘ืจืžื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื "ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" ื’ื ืœืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื•. ื‘ืžืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืช, ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืงื˜ื ื” ืืฉืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื™ืžืฆื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื” ืืš ื’ื ืฉื ืœื ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืชื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืฉื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ืชื”. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื– ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืืžืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“. ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ื–ืืช ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœื›ืš ืกื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืžื™ื ืกื‘ื ื›ื™ ืื– ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื–ื• ืืžืช.
ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืžืจื, ื”ืชื•ืจื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืžื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ื ืฉื ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื•ืžื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื ื—ืœื” ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”. ืื•ืœื ืื ื ืขืžื™ืง ื•ื ื—ื“ื“ ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืงื•ืฉื™ื. ืืžื ื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืื“ื ืœื ื™ืชืจื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืžื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืจื ืฉื ืืžืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขืงื™ืจื” โ€“ ื”ืื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืขืงืจืช?
ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื ื• ืื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืขืงืจื•, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”. ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืœื ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืื ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืชืงืข, ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืœื.
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” (ื˜ื– ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืœืžื”) ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืชืงื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื• ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื ื• "ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš" ื•"ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ". ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืขืฆืจืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืจื—, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืœื ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช.
ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ (ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื˜ื– ืข"ื ื“"ื” ืžืคื ื™; ื•ื‘ื“ืฃ ื›ื— ืข"ื‘ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืื™ื ื“"ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื) ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื”, ืืš ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ. ื•ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช ืžื›ืš ืฉืื—ืจืช ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื ืืœ ื‘ืœ ืชื™ื’ืจืข, ื•ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืœืงื•ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ืœืื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืœืงื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืฉืžืขื ื•.
ืืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืงื ื• ืœื ืœืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื›ืŸ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ื’ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉืื“ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื ื“ื—ืชื” ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข.
ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง (ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื˜ื• 7 ) ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื—ื™ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืืš ืœื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”.
ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉืชื ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข ืžืฉืืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜ืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•. ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ืœื ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ.
ืื•ืœื ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• (ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•) ื•ืžืขืœื” ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืจื” ื›ื— ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ืื• ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกืจื” ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื— ืœื”ืคืงื™ืข ืืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื–ื”, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื–ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืคืงืขืช ืžื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืชืงืคื•.
ื’ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื˜) ื“ืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•. ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ืฉื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ืื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืจื™ืงื, ืฉื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” 8 ืืš ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืขื–ืจื”.
ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืงื™ืจืชื ื ืขืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืœืขื•ืงืจื• 9 , ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื ืขืงืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืขืงืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืื•ืกืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” 10 (ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ืŸ ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืขืฉื”).
ื ืจืื” ืฉืชืœื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ื›ื— ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื’ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื“ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื— ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข, ื•ืžืชืจืฅ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืš ืœื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”. ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื—. ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉืื ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื– ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข (ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ืงืฉื” ืžื›ืš ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืš ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” "ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ"), ื•ืžืกื™ืง ืฉื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ืืš ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืงืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ืชืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื–ื•, ื•ื›ืืŸ ืชื™ืจืฅ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื” ืœืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื›ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื™ื’ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื”, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื— ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” (ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”) ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื” (ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”), ืืš ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื ื›ืš, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ.
ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื’ ืข"ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืœื’ืžืจื™. ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื›ื”.
ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื™ื’ืจ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืื ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืงื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ. ื”ื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืงื‘ื ื“ืงืฉื™ื™ืชื (ืกื™' ืฆื˜) ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืืฃ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื ื ื—ืœืง ืืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืื—ืจ, ืืš ื›ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื•ื“ืื™ ื’ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ื”. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจืฅ ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื” ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืื™ืžืชื™ ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืขื•ืงืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ืœื.

ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื•ืช
ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืชืงืข โ€“ ื”ืื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”?
ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ืžื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืงืข ื‘ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืืžื ื ื–ื• ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืš ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื’ื ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ืงื‘ื ื“ืงืฉื™ื™ืชื, ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื ื“ืœื‘ื•ื™ื (ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆื˜, ื”ืขืจื” ื‘ 11 ), ืื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืขื”.

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืคื• ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืืš ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื”
ืจืื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืชืœื” ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื ืฉื’ื•ืคื ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืืš ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืขื” ืจื™ืงื ืœืขื–ืจื”.

ื›ืฉื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”
ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’ ืข"ื ืžืกื™ืงื” ืฉื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื. ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื (ื™ ืข"ื ืžื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ) ืžืงืฉื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ืœื” ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืื ืฉื™ ืฉื ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื›ื— ืœื—ื–"ืœ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืจืฅ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื›ื™ ืื– ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื”, ืืš ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื’ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”.

ื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืกื“ื™ืŸ
ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืฆื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ืกื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฉืื– ืื™ื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื. ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ (ื—"ื‘ ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ืกื™' ืœื‘) ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืงื•ืฉืจ ืฆื™ืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื. ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•. ืื ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืงืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืืš ืื ืœื ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื“ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ื• ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืžื‘ืจื™ืกืง ื•ื“ื—ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœื ืขืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืื™ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช (ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ) ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื™ื. ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื—. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฉื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืš ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืฉืขืฉื” ืื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื ืชืขืฉื”.



^ 1.ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืœื“ืขืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ: ื. ื”ืชื•ืจื ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ืžื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจ โ€“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืชืจื•ืžื”. ื‘. ื”ื ื™ืฉืืช ืข"ืค ืขื“ ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืขืœื” โ€“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืžื–ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืฃ ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืžื–ืจืช (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืžื–ืจ). ื’. ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื”. ื“. ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื ื™ืฉืืช ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืื›ืœืช ืชืจื•ืžื”. ื”. ืื›ืœ ืชืจื•ืžื” ื˜ืžืื” ื•ืฉื™ืœื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื˜ืžืื™ื โ€“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืคื™"ื– ืื ื™ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืฉื” ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืŸ ื—ืœื™ื). ื•. ื–ืจืง ื“ื ืฉื ื˜ืžื โ€“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืืฃ ืฉืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืžื›ืคืจ ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื–ืจื”. ื–. ืขื•ื“ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ื–ื•ืจืง ื“ื ืฉื ื˜ืžื ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ. ื—. ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื ืฉื• ืฉืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื’ืžืจื ืชื™ืจืฆื” ืฉื’ื ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ืชื™ืจืฆื” ืฉืจื‘ื” ื™ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ืžืชื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
^ 2.ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ืชื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ืœ ืชื’ืจืข ื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™, ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืžืจื™ื ื‘, ื˜) ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ.
^ 3.ืืš ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืžืจื™ื (ื, ื‘) ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืž"ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš", ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื•ืš ืืœื• ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืจื• ื‘ื”ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ื”ื“ืช ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื".
^ 4.ืชืžื•ื” ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื” "ืชื™ื•ื‘ืชื" ืื• "ืงืฉื™ื" ื›ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืงืฆืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื”, ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื—ืœืง ืฉืฉื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืช.
^ 5.ื’ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืก ืืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืื•ืžืจืช ื ื˜ืžืืชื™ ืœืš ืฉื–ื• ืชืงื ื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ืจ, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืžืื” ืื ื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช.
^ 6.ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืจืื™ ืœื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืื•ืช ืžื’.
^ 7.ื”ื•ื‘ื ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ ืจืื™ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืื•ืช ืžื“.
^ 8.ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืš ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืœืื• ืœื ืœื™ืจืื•ืช ืจื™ืงื ื•ืื ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืจื™ืงื, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื, ื) ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืœื™ืจืื•ืช ืจื™ืงื, ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืœืื• ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื’ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืš ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืฉื” ื–ื”ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”.
^ 9.ื›ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืœื• ืข"ื‘ ื“"ื” ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื”), ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ "ื•ืœื ืขืงื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื".
^ 10.ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช "ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช" ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืื’ืช ืืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืช.
^ 11.ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขืžื•ืก ืžืจ-ื—ื™ื™ื
undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ื•ืกืจื˜ื™ืœ

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ื•ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”
  • ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ

    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื“ืฃ ื™ ืข"ื

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืข"ื”
  • "ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš"
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช

    "ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืš"

    ื’' ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืค"ื”
  • ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ

    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื“ืฃ ื›ื” ืข"ื‘

    ื’' ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื”
  • ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื
    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช

    ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืื ืคืฉื™ื” ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ื“ืื™ืกื•ืจื

    ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื˜ ืข"ื

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื—
ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช
ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช

    ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื” - ื–

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ื•ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ
    36 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ืงื”: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืŸ

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืกืคืงื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืจื•ื‘, ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžืงื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื“ื ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
    48 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื "ืš

    ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืชื "ืš: ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื ื•ื– ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื "ืš, ืžืชื•ืš ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืจ ืืœื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืกืงืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื›ืžืฉืœ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ | ื™"ื ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš
    28 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ื”ืืจืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”"ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื“ื•ื“ โ€“ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืืœื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืœืžืฉื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื™"ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ
    45 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

    ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืคืจืง ื–, ื– | ืคืจืง ื—, ื’'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืคืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืžืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืฆืขืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืขื” ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืฆืขืจ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
    1:03
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื

    ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื | ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” | ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื
    34 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื

    ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–

    ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื” ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื• ื–) ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื
    27 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ืชืจืข"ื˜ - ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข ื ืฆืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ื•. ื›ื›ื” ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœื•ื˜ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื›ืš ื’ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื• ืžื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืœื•ื˜

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ืœืš ืœืš - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื–ื” ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื“ ืžืฆื“ืงื•ืชื•. ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื ื•ืฆื—ื• ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il