ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ
  • ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”
  • ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืช ื—ื ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”" (ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืข"ื– ื“, ื’; ืกืคืจื™ ืจืื” ื ื’). ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื‘): "ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื“ึผึนืจึตืฉื ืึนืชึธื”ึผ, ืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืžึตืจึตืฉืึดื™ืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืช ืฉืึธื ึธื”". ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื-ืœื•ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื-ืœื•ื”". ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ืฉื): "ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”".

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืžื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”?

ืืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื˜ืื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœืงืช ื•ืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื ืืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจืข. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืจืง ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื ืจืื” ืžื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื-ืœื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”' ืื—ื“, ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ.

ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืกื’ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื’ืฉืžื™ืช - ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืชื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ืขืฆื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืคืงื™ืจื ืœื›ืœ, ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช.

ื ืžืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: "ืฉืึฐืžึทืข ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึถื—ึธื“" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื“). ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืืช ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื, ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”' ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื’, ื): "ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึถื™ืšึธ ื“ึธืขึตื”ื•ึผ" (ืžืฉืœื™ ื’, ื•), ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคืจืฉื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”. 1

ื‘ - ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ
ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ. ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื‘ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื›ืขื ืœืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ืœืœ. ื–ื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืขื ืฉืœื, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื• ื•ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื•, ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื’ืœื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”'. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘' ื–, ื›ื’): "ื•ึผืžึดื™ ื›ึฐืขึทืžึผึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ ืึถื—ึธื“ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ". ื•ืคืจืฉื• ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื—"ื’ ืฆื’, ื‘) ืฉื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงืจื ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ (ืื•ืจื•ืช, ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘'; ืขืงื‘ื™ ื”ืฆืืŸ ืžืืžืจ 'ื“ืขืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื' ืข' ืงืœื•).

ื•ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืœืš (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื“-ื›), ื›ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื—-ื›). ื›ืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืขื ืžืกื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉืฉ ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”), ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช, ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ื—ืœื” ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืชืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ, ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.

ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื ื‘ื ืืœื ืœืžืขืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘, ื™ื–). ื•ื”ื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”, ืืœื ืฉื“ื•ืจื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชื ื‘ืื• (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื—, ื‘, ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ืœืœ (ืžื•"ืง ื›ื”, ื; ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื›ื“, ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ื ื', ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ื‘, ื™ื“).

ื’ - ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช
ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”'. ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืื—"ื› ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื”, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืื—ืช - ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื—ื™ื™ ืืžื•ื ื”.

ื ืžืฆื ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืงืจืืช "ืืจืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื" (ืื“ืจ"ื  ืœื“, ื™; ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื•ื™ืฆื ื›ื’), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืชื™ืช. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืืœ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื™ืกื˜ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”".

ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื ืงืจืื™ื "ื’ืœื•ืช", ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื ืจืง ื›ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื ื”, ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ื ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื ืฆื— ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจืง ื).

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกืคืจื™ ืขืงื‘ ืœื–): "ืืข"ืค ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืืชื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ - ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืœืš ืฉื›ืขืก ืขืœ ืืฉืชื• ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื”. ืืžืจ ืœื” (ื”ืžืœืš): ื”ื•ื™ ืžืงื•ืฉื˜ืช ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื™ืš, ื›ืฉืชื—ื–ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื™ื™ืš ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ื ื™, ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื™ื›ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืืžืจ (ืœื, ื›): 'ื”ึทืฆึผึดื™ื‘ึดื™ ืœึธืšึฐ ืฆึดื™ึผึปื ึดื™ื' - ืืœื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื". ื•ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื—): "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึถื ืึถืช ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ - ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชื’ืœื• (ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ) ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืขืฉื• ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืชื—ื–ืจื•". ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื—, ื›ื”).

ื•ืื ื™ื ืกื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ืื ื™ืชืืžืฅ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™, ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื•ืกื•ืคื• ืฉื™ืชื‘ื•ืœืœ ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืžืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื. ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืชื• ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง "ืฆืคื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืชื™ืช" (ืื•ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื).

ื“ - ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ
ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• (ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘) ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื ื‘ื ืืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ืืฃ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื•ื”ื ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื•ืžื”ื ื—ื•ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืžืžืจื™ื ื, ื). ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื•ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™): "ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ึดื™ืชึธ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ื”' ื•ึฐืฉืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืจื•ึผืšึธ" (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื). ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœื”ื•ืจืืชื, ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ืชืขืฉื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื, ื-ื‘). ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื ืคื’ืžื”, ื•ืจืง ื›ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ, ื ืชืจื‘ื• ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื ืชืžืขื˜ ืื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ืจื™ื ืขื“ืจื™ื (ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื, ื“). 2

ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืืฃ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ืชื”, ืงื ืกื•ืช, ืžืœืงื•ืช ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื›ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืกืžืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื ืกืžื›ื• ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ. ื•ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจื‘ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“, ื“). ื•ื›ืš ืืจืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื•, ื•ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื ื“ืœื“ืœ ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ืกื’ืจื•, ืคืกืงื” ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื– ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ื•ืžืื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื—, ื‘, ื‘"ืง ืคื“, ื‘, ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ื, ื; ื‘, ื). ื”ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื”, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื‘, ื’): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืžึดืฆึผึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึตืฆึตื ืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึทืจ ื”' ืžึดื™ืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึธื™ึดื" (ืข' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืกื’, ื). ื•ืื ื—ืก ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื ืžืฉื›ื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”, ื™ื’, ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืž"ืข ืงื ื’, ื—ืช"ืก ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืœื“).

ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”, ื‘): "ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืงื•ืžืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”". ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘"ืจ ื˜ื–, ื“): "ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืชื•ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• (ื‘"ื‘ ืงื ื—, ื‘): "ืื•ื•ื™ืจื ื“ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื›ื™ื". ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืชืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื“, ื).

ื” - ืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื‘ื” ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื): "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื: ืœึถืšึฐ ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึตืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดืžึผื•ึนืœึทื“ึฐืชึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึผึตื™ืช ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืจึฐืึถืšึผึธ", ื›ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื‘, ื‘-ื’): "ื•ึฐืึถืขึถืฉื‚ึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒื’ึทื“ึผึฐืœึธื” ืฉืึฐืžึถืšึธ ื•ึถื”ึฐื™ึตื” ื‘ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื”. ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึธื” ืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืžึฐืงึทืœึผึถืœึฐืšึธ ืึธืึนืจ ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึนืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื”". ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื’, ื˜ื•-ื™ื–): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืจึนืึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึผึฐื ึถื ึผึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื... ืงื•ึผื ื”ึดืชึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืœึฐืึธืจึฐื›ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐืจึธื—ึฐื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึผึฐื ึถื ึผึธื”" (ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ื•, ื–; ื™ื–, ื—).

ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื›ืื‘ื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืขืงื“ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืชืžื™ืžื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืจืขื‘. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื•, ื‘-ื’): "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึธื ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื”' ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ: ืึทืœ ืชึผึตืจึตื“ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึฐืžึธื”, ืฉืึฐื›ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึนืžึทืจ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ. ื’ึผื•ึผืจ ื‘ึผึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึฐืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึดืžึผึฐืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึถืšึผึธ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึถืชึผึตืŸ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึปืขึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ..."

ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื— ืจืฉืข, ื ืืœืฅ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืืจืฅ, ืื•ืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื ืฆื—ื™. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืจื— ืžืขืฉื• ืื—ื™ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”' ื‘ื—ืœื•ื ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืžืจืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื—, ื™ื’-ื˜ื•): "ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืฉืึนื›ึตื‘ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึผึฐื ึถื ึผึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึผึทืขึฒืคึทืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผืคึธืจึทืฆึฐืชึผึธ ื™ึธืžึผึธื” ื•ึธืงึตื“ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึฐืฆึธืคึนื ึธื” ื•ึธื ึถื’ึฐื‘ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื ึดื‘ึฐืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื—ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึตื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ ื•ึผืฉืึฐืžึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึตืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึทื”ึฒืฉืึดื‘ึนืชึดื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช..." (ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ืœื”, ื™ื‘; ืžื•, ื“).

ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื• ื ืืœืฅ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืจื“ืช ืžืฆืจื™ืžื”, ืืœ ื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื™ื˜ ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš. ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืžื™ื• ืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช, ืงืจื ืœื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืงื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื•ื”ื• ืœืืจืฅ ืœืงื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื“ืื’ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื“ืจืฉ ืžื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฉื‘ืข ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื•ืœื ื ื—ื” ื“ืขืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืขื ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื•. ื•ื‘ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ื•ืงื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื’ื•ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื ืืกืฃ ืืœ ืขืžื™ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ื”ืœื›ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ืžืกืข ืจื’ืœื™ ืžืžื•ืฉืš ืœืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ืฉื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืืจื•ื›ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”, ื›ื™ ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืœื™ื” ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื–, ื›ื˜-ืœื; ืžื—, ื›ื; ืžื˜, ื›ื˜-ืœื‘).

ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ื ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื™ื“ืขื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื, ื•ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืื•ืชื ื•ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื ืืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืข ืœื”ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื•, ื—): "ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืฉื‚ึธืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึดื™ ืœึธืชึตืช ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืœึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืžื•ึนืจึธืฉืึธื” ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" (ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื’, ื”; ื™ื’, ื™ื).

ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื• ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื•ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื™ื’ืืœื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื™ื™ืฉืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื• ืขืžื”ื, ื•ื™ื—ื–ื™ืจื•ื”ื• ืœืืจืฅ ืžื•ืœื“ืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื•ื‘ืจื• ื‘ื ื—ืœืชื• ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื , ื›ื“-ื›ื”).

^ 1. ื›ืชื‘ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ: "ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืขึดื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื‘ืข. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืœื•ื—ืžืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื™ื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ื›ื•'" (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื›ื—).
^ 2. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื—"ื ืข' ื›ื˜, ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ" ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœ ืจืง ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ" ื—ืœ ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ "ืœื ืชืกื•ืจ" ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชืงื ื• ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื• ืขืฆืžื ืœืชืงืŸ ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืื•ืžื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื, ื’.

undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื ื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืคืจืฉื™ื™ืช ื’ื™ื•ืจื™ ื•ื™ื ื”

    ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ืื™
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ื—ืื™

    ื˜ื• ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข
  • ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืืœื™ื”
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il