ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœื”
  • ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข
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16 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.


ื - ื˜ืขื ืืžื™ืจืชื
ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœืคืชื•ื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื— ืœื”' ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืงืฉื”, ื›ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•, ืฉืคืชื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื—, ื•ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’, ื›ื“): "ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึดื™ื ืึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึทื—ึดืœึผื•ึนืชึธ ืœึฐื”ึทืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืึถืช ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผึฐืšึธ ืึถืช ื’ึผึธื“ึฐืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึฐืšึธ ื”ึทื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื”. ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืžึดื™ ืึต-ืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผื‘ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื” ื›ึฐืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื›ึดื’ึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึนืชึถืšึธ". ื•ืื—"ื› ื‘ื™ืงืฉ "ืึถืขึฐื‘ึผึฐืจึธื” ื ึผึธื ื•ึฐืึถืจึฐืึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ึธื”" ื•ื’ื•'. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžืœืื™: "ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืกื“ืจ ืื“ื ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืชืคืœืœ" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื). ื•ืืžื ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืฉื‘ื— ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”. ืื•ืœื, ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืœืœ ืœื”'. ื•ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', ื•ืœื—ื•ืชืžื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—'.
ื•ืืžื ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื‘ื—ื•ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”. 1
ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื›ืฉื ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—"ื› ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื ื“ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื. ื•ืื ืœื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื• ื›ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืชื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืื—ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื”ืจื ื• ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”', ื ื“ืข ื”ื™ืืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื’ื ื›ืฉื ื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื ืกื”, ื ื‘ืงืฉ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”' ื•ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉืžื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ืชืชืงื‘ืœ.
ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืžื– ื‘ืฉื 'ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”', ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื–ืžืจ, ื•ื’ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ืžื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืจื. ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื–ื•ืžืจ ืืช ื›ืจืžื• ื—ื•ืชืš ืืช ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื— ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื; ื›ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื”ื ื ื• ืžื›ืจื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชืขืœื” ื•ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•. ื•ื”ื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฉืžื—ืช ื•ืžืขื ื’ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื 'ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”'. 2

ื‘ - ืžื”ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”
ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื”ื ืฉืฉืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื. ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - 'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืžื”). ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ืฉืฉื‘ื—ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ "ืคึผื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžึทืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื™ ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“, ื‘). ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืคืกื•ืง 'ืืฉืจื™', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ื ื•ืชื• - 'ืืฉืจื™'.
ืื—ืจื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘'ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”', ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™: "ื™ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื’ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘).
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจืื™ื (ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื), ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื”ื•ื“ื•' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื˜ื–, ื—-ืœื•), ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืœืœ ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืžืฉื‘ื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืœืื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ, ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื (ื‘"ื™ ืื•"ื— ื ). ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื”ื•ื“ื•' ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื”ืœืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” (ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ื ื). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื”ื•ื“ื•' ืœืคื ื™ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ (ืืฉื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืœื‘ื•).
ืขื•ื“ ืชืงื ื• ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจืื™ื (ืžืก' ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื), ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ 'ืืฉืจื™' ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘'ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“', ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• (ื›ื”"ื— ื ื, ื™ื’).
ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ืขื•ื“ ืคืจืงื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื”' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืง), ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื ื• (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื˜, ื–). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ื ื’ื™ื ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช" (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืฆื‘). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืœื—ืžื™ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— ื•ื—ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืกื— ื•ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ืคื•ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ืื• ื”ืฆื•ื. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจื• ืœืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื•ืœื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืชื•ื“ื” (ื‘"ื™ ื•ืจืž"ื ื ื, ื—).
ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื“ื•ื“' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื' ื›ื˜, ื™-ื™ื’; ื•ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื˜, ื•-ื™ื), ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉืจื• ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•, ื-ื™ื—). ื•ืืžื ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ': "ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื“ืš ื ื”ืœืœืš". ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื ื—ืžื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื. 3

ื’ - ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื
ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื—ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื ื, ื—).
ืžืคื ื™ ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', ืฉืจื•ืžื–ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื; ื›ื”"ื— ื). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—' ื”ื—ื•ืชืžืช ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื (ืจืž"ื ื ื, ื–, ื›ื”"ื— ืžื‘).
ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘'ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื“ื•ื“' ืขื“ "ืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืจืช ื‘ืื‘ืจื", ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš. 4
ืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืืžื™ืจืช 'ืืฉืจื™' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืžื”) ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืคึผื•ึนืชึตื—ึท ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžึทืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืขึท ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื—ึทื™ ืจึธืฆื•ึนืŸ", ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื•ืื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” - ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคืจืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื - ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืง ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืคืกื•ืง 'ืคื•ืชื—' ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืง (ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื˜ื–). ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง 'ืคื•ืชื—' ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ื ื‘, ื–). 5

ื“ - ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ' ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—' ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื”ื ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืืžื™ืจืชื.
ืืžื ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืกื“, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืคืกืง ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืคืกื•ืงื™ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”'' ืฉืœืคื ื™ 'ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื“ื•ื“'. ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื–). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืขืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื–, ื•; ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืชื‘ื— ืœื‘ืจื›ื• ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื–, ื‘).
ื”ื ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื™ืชืคื ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ื‘ืจืš 'ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ' ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”. 6
ืื ืฉืžืข ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืื• ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ืœื ื™ืขื ื” "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•", ืื‘ืœ ืืžืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืžืŸ - ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืคืกืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืช ืืžืŸ ืชื˜ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืื•ืžืจื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื™ืขื ื” ืืžืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœ'ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ' ืื• 'ื‘ืจื›ื•', ื™ืฉื—ื” ืžืขื˜ ื•ื™ืขื ื” ืขืžื”ื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ืฉืžืข ืžืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืื• 'ืžื•ื“ื™ื' ืื• 'ื‘ืจื›ื•', ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ื›ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ืกื“ืจื•. 7
ืื™ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”. ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœื•ื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœื•ื™ ืื—ืจ, ื™ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ืœืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• 'ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืจืš'. ื•ืื ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ื˜ืขื” ื•ืงืจื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” - ื™ืขืœื”, ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื™).

ื” - ืขืœ ืžื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ืœื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ
ื”ืžืื—ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืคืจืงื™ื ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืขืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืžืขืœืช ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”. ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื•ืจืฆื•ื™ื” (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—, ื). ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืžืื—ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืจืงื™ื ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื”-ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', 'ืืฉืจื™' ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—' ืœื ื™ื“ืœื’, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืืžื™ืจืชื. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื ืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืื•ืžืจื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื ืื—ืจื™ื”. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืจืง ืื—ื“, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืืฉืจื™'.
ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืืœืงื™ ื ืฉืžื”' ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืืžืจื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” - ื™ืคืกื™ื“ื (ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื˜, ื•ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ.
ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•'ืืฉืจื™' ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ื“ื™ืœื•ื’.
ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ื™ืœื•ื’ื™ื• ื›ืš ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•'ืืฉืจื™' ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. 8
ืžื™ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืคืจืงื™ื ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ืžื. 9

ื• - ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืœื•ื’
ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืืœื•ืงื™ ื ืฉืžื”' ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื”ืชืขื˜ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', 'ืืฉืจื™' ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—' ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืžืื—ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ืกื™ืจ, ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉืœื™ื ื’ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืกื™ืจ. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ื ืกื›ื ืืช ืกื“ืจ ืžืขืœืชื:
ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืžืจื, ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืก, ื‘) ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืจืชื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื”, ื™ืงื“ื™ืžื ืœื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื“ืจ ืžืขืœืชื: ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ืื—ืจ 'ืืฉืจื™' ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืœืœื•" (ืคืจืงื™ื ืงืžื— ืงื  ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื), ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘) ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืขืœื”, ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”", ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘) ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื— ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืจื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืž'ืืฉืจื™' ืขื“ "ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืชื”ืœืœ ื™-ื” ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”".
ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืขืœื”, ืคืกื•ืงื™ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช, ืฉืžืงื•ืจ ืืžื™ืจืชื ื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื–, ื‘), ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื.
ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืขืœื”, 'ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื“ื•ื“' (ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื“), ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื” ื™ืงื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืจ.
ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืงื“ื™ื ืืช 'ื ืฉืžืช' ืœื›ืœ ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืž'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—'. ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ืชื“ื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืื™ื ื• ืชื“ื™ืจ. 10
ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืงืฆืจ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืื—ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื™ืงืฆืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื™ืงืฆืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื (ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื“ ืฆื,ื‘).



^ 1.. ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“, ื‘: "ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ (ืืฉืจื™) ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื”"ื‘", ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘: "ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื™ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื’ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœืœ (ืคืกื•ื“"ื–) ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื". ืžืœืฉื•ื ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ื“"ื–, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ื›ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืก"ื’ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• (ื”ื•ืฆ' ืžืงื™ืฆื™ ื ืจื“ืžื™ื ืขืž' ืœื‘): "ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ื” ืื•ืžืชื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจ - ืชืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช..." ื•ื–"ืœ ืจืžื‘"ื (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–, ื™ื‘): "ืฉื‘ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืžืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคืจ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœืงืจื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืžื™ืจื•ืช... ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ". ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืžื“ ืจ' ืฉืžืœืื™ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื) ืžืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืฉื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื—, ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืข"ื– ื–, ื‘, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื—. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช: ื‘, ื“. ื•ื"ื› ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคืกื•ื“"ื–, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช.
ืื•ืœื ืžื”ืจื™"ืฃ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื’, ื), ืจื"ืฉ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื” ื“-ื•) ื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉื’ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื ืชืงื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื—. ื•ื‘ืืจ ื”ื‘"ื— ืื•"ื— ื ื, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจืฉืช ืจ' ืฉืžืœืื™ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืกื•ื“"ื–, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืฃ ืฉืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ื“"ื–, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. (ืืคืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ' 'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—', ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ "ื™ื”ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื’ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื". ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื. ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืฉืจื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 10).
ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื ืชืงื ื• (ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉ'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ' ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—' ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ื ื, ื‘, 'ืื'). ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืœืขืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข, ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ื”"ื’ ืชื™ืงื ื• ื ื•ืกื— 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ' ืข"ื™ ืคืชืงื” ืฉื ืคืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ื›"ื› ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื. ื•ื‘ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื•ื™"ื ืฉืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืชื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ, ื›"ื› ื‘ืก' ืœืงื•ื˜ื™ ืžื”ืจื™"ื— (ืขื™' ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืขืž' ื™ื’).
ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 9, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืื ืœื ืืžืจ ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืœื ื™ืืžืจื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืชืจ"ื™ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื, ืืฃ ืฉืชืงื ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืž"ืž ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขืจืš ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืœื–ืžืจ ืœื”', ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”.
^ 2.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื, ื“ืจืฉ ืจ' ืฉืžืœืื™. ื•ื‘ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื, ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื”ื "ื›ืžื• ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื”". ื•ื‘ืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืžืื•ืจ, ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ืžื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืจื. ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืฆื’, ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื’ืž', ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื›ื•' ืืœื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ื“"ื– "ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”".
^ 3.. 'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' (ืืฉืจื™): ืชืจ"ื™ (ื›ื’, ื) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืชืงื ืช ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ 'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“', ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“, ื‘. ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื” ื•), ื›ืชื‘: "ืื’ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืชืงื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ (ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื) ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ื". ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ (ืฉื‘ืช ืงื™ื—, ื‘): "ื™ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื’ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื", ืฉื”ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”? ืœื“ืขืช ืจื™"ืฃ, ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื”ื ืฉืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืžืชื”ืœื™ื, ืž'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืชื”ืœื™ื (ืคืจืงื™ื ืงืžื”-ืงื ). ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืžืก' ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื. ืืžื ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืœืœื•" (ืคืจืงื™ื ืงืžื—, ืงื ). ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืกื•"ืก ื . ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืœืœื•" ืœืืœื• ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”" ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ืฉื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื, (ืฉื ื—ืชืžื” ื‘ื"ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจืื™ื) ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื™ื”ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“' ื•'ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”'' ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืฉืฉืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื”' ื•ื”ื ื•ืกื— ืž'ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ื“ื•ื“' ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ 'ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ', ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ื“, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–, ื™ื’) ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’. ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”' ืœืขื•ืœื ืืžืŸ ื•ืืžืŸ" ื•ื›ื•' ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื–ื›ืจื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืงื— (ืžืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื–). ื•ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื (ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™) ืžื ืžืง - ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื. 'ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœืชื•ื“ื”' ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื (ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื). ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืกื™ื“ื•ืจ "ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช", ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื•ื”ื• ืจืง ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื•ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื’, ื“).
^ 4.. ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ' "ื”' ืžืœืš ื”' ืžืœืš" ื•ื›ื•' ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•"ื˜ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื ' ื‘ืฉื ืฉื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืข"ื• ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชืงืŸ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžืœืื›ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืžืžืœืื›ืชื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืคื ืื™ ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“. ืข"ื›. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ.
^ 5.. ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจืง 'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื - ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคืฉืข ื•ืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืจืง ืคืขืžื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื, ื•) ืฉื›ืชื‘: "ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื". ืืžื ื ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื“, ื‘) ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื: "ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื - ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื”"ื‘". ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืชื‘ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื“, ื‘. ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ื ื, ืœื’, ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืคื•ืชื—' ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืคืกืง, ืืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื™ื–ื›ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ืคืกื•ืง 'ืคื•ืชื—' ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ื“"ื– (ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืชืจ"ื™ ื›ื’, ื), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ื“"ื–. ื•ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžืž"ื‘, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ื’ืฉ ื™ื‘, ื•ืื’"ืž ื‘, ื˜ื–, ื•ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื• ื”, ื•. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง 'ืคื•ืชื—' ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื ื, ื–, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืž"ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ื—, ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื‘, ื—. ื•ื”ืž"ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ืœื•ืžืจ ืž'ืคื•ืชื—' ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืง, ื•ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื—"ื.
^ 6.. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ' ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฉืชื‘ื— (ื›ื”"ื— ื ื, ื›ื—), ืื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืื’"ืž ื“, ื™ื“). ืื•ืœื ืœืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื—, ื™ื‘ืจืš ืžื™ื“, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ื“ื—ื” ืืช ืืžื™ืจืชื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื›ื—ื ื”.
^ 7.. ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื, ื’, ื•ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ืจืฉื–"ื) ื•, ื™ื‘, ื‘ืืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืคืกืง ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ืขื ื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืž"ืž ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ื›ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื™ืขืžื•ื“, ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื' ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ื›ืจืข, ื•ื‘'ื‘ืจื›ื•' ื™ื›ืจืข ืžืขื˜. ื•ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื›ืจื•ืข, ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืขื ื” ืขืžื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ืคื•ืจืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ื“ืจื›ื•. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืœ' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืง"ืฉ ื˜ื–, ื”, ื•ื”ืขืจื” 4).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื›"ื› ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื”ืคืกืงื”, ื•ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”: ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื—, ื•ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื, ืฉืœ'ืืžืŸ' ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืคืกื•ืง, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื, (ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื’ื ืœืืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”'ื-ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ' ื•'ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”'), ื™ืขื ื” ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื–ื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืžืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืขื“ "ื“ืืžื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื", ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืžื ื”ื’ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืื—"ื›, ื“ื™ื ื ื›"ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืžื•", ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœืžืขื ื ื‘ืคืกื•ื“"ื–. ืœื’ื‘ื™ 'ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ', ืžืž"ื‘ ื ื, ื—, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื•, ื“, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืจืง "ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืš". ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืจืงื™ื ื•ืจืขืžื™ื, ืœื—"ื ื›, ื’, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื (ื›ื”"ื— ื ื, ื›ื’).
^ 8.. ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”: ืœืชืจ"ื™, ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ื“"ื–, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืžื™ืจืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื” ืžืžื ื”ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืชืงื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืง"ืฉ ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืก"ื’ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 1. ื•ืืฃ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืฉื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื‘"ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจ, ืž"ืž ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืžื™ืจืชื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื, ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืฉื•"ืข ื ื‘, ื, ืจืž"ื, ืงืฆื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื“, ื–, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืœืจ"ื™ ืจืงื— ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฆ"ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉืจืžื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ื• ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืกื™ื“ืจื ืžื”ืคืš ืืช ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืžืื—ืจ ืœื ื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืงื˜ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ื ื‘, ื‘, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื—"ื ืื•"ื— ื‘, ื•. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ื—"ื‘ ืื•"ื— ื“, ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช). ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื›ื ืฆื‘ื™ ืœ"ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื• ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. (ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”, ื™, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื).
ื•ืœื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ืขื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช, ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ื•ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” - 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ' ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—', ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืืžืจืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืืžื™ืจืชืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืงื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ 'ืืฉืจื™'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื—"ื ื™ื˜, ื–; ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื•, ื‘ืื•"ื” ื ื’, ื‘, 'ืื™ืŸ'. ื•ื›"ื› ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื• ืขืž' ืขื•. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 1, ืฉื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื•'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' ืขืค"ื™ ื“ืจืฉืช ืจ' ืฉืžืœืื™. (ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจื"ืฉ ืค"ื” ื•' ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ืขืช ืชืจ"ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ืขืžืจื ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘).
ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•"ืข, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื“ืœื’ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืง, ื”ืื ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืคืž"ื’ ื"ื ื ื‘, ื, ืื™ื ื” ื›ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืจืž"ื ืงื˜, ื‘. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœื“ืขืช ืืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉ ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘, ื’, ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 2). ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง, ื•ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืื ื ืฉืืจ ืœื• ืžืขื˜ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืœื’: ื' - ืœืžืฉื›ื ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื‘' - ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื"ื› ืœืฉื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื”. (ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื”, ื”, ืœื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืคืกืง ืฉื™ื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฉ"ืฅ).
ื›ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ืœื ืœื“ืœื’ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฉ"ืฅ, ืื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช, 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', 'ืืฉืจื™', ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—', ื•ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ, ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื“ืœื’ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœื—ืฉ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืœื›ื•"ืข ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื•ืื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื“ืœื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ.
^ 9.. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืชืจ"ื™ ื•ืจื"ืฉ, ืฉืื“ื ืฉื“ื™ืœื’ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•), ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 1, ืฉื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืคืกื•ื“"ื– ื ืชืงื ื• ื›ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืž"ืž ื“ืขืชื• ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืœืื•ืžืจื ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžืจืก"ื’ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื). ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™, ืฉืœื ืœืื•ืžืจื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื›"ื› ืจืฉื‘"ื. ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืคื™ืจืฉ ืฉืจืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืœืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™, ื›ื™ ืชื™ืงื ื•ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื ื‘. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื‘"ื— ื•ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ ืฉื’ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื™ืืžืจ. ื•ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื”' ื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ื™ื ื "ื“ืฉื‘ ื•ืืœ ืชืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืฅ ืžืชื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืกื•ื“"ื– ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืจื•ื”"ืค ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.
^ 10.. ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืคื” ื˜, ื™ื“, ื•ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื•, ื–, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ืคืจืงื™ ืคืกื•ื“"ื–. ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื’ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื' ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ืืช ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื ื™ื’ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืื—"ื› 'ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ' ื•'ืืœื•ืงื™ ื ืฉืžื”'. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื‘'ืื”ื‘ืช ืขื•ืœื', ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื™, ื‘, 2.
ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืคื” ื˜, ื˜ื–, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืžื™ืจืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื” ื”ืœืœื•" ื•ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘"ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื”". ืืœื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืชืขืœื ืžื“ืขืช ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื, ืฉืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืž'ืชื”ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื“' ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืชื”ืœื™ื. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืžื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืชืงื ื• ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืžื™ืจืชื ืงื•ื“ื.
ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื”, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ื—"ื ื™ื˜, ื•, ืฉ'ื ืฉืžืช' ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืคื” ื˜, ื™ื’, ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื ืฉืžืช' ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื›ืกื™ื“ืจื•, ืฉืžืขืœืชื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืืžืจ', 'ืืฉืจื™' ื•'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—'. ืืžื ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ืš ืคืงืคืง ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœ'ื ืฉืžืช' ืฉื”ื ืชื“ื™ืจื™ื. (ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื”, ื”, ื‘ื”ืขืจื”). ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื–ื•ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืฉ'ื ืฉืžืช' ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื›ืœ ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื”ืœืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื” ื›'ื™ืฉืชื‘ื—' ื•'ืืฉืจื™', ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืขื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื”.
ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืคื” ืค"ื˜ ืฉืกื™ื›ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืกื— ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ืกืคืจื“. ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืกื“ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขืž' ืขื• ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ืกื“ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ืœื ื”ืืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ื–ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžื™ืจืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืค"ื‘
  • ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข
  • ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื•
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื•

    ืื“ืจ ื' ืชืฉืข"ื
  • ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื
    58 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื˜"ื– ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืฉืข"ื
ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข
ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื” ื•ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il