ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื’ืžืจื
  • ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™
  • ืžื’ื™ืœื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

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5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 25 ื“ืง' ื”ืื–ื ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš

(ื™ื˜. ืžืฉื ื” โ€“ ื›. ื‘ืžืฉื ื”)

ื. ื‘ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื›ืจืš ื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืจืš ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืขื™ืจ

A. ืžืฉื ื” โ€“ ืื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• โ€“ ื›ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืื ืœืื• โ€“ ื›ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื,
ืžืฉืžืข โ€“ ืื™ืŸ "ืคืจื•ื–/ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื•", ืืœื ืจืง ืื ื–ื” ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข.

ืืš ืจื‘ื โ€“ ืจืง ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ืœื”,
ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื - ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ "ืคืจื•ื–/ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื•".
(ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ).

            ื•ืœื›ืŸ:
            ืจื‘ื - ื‘ืŸ ื›ืจืš ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื™ื“ โ€“ ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื” โ€“ ื›ื›ืจืš ื•ื™ืงืจื ื‘15.
            ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ โ€“ ื›ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืงื•ืจื ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ (14).

            ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืคืš (ืจืฉ"ื™) โ€“ ื‘ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื›ืจืš ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื™ื“,
            ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื ืขื“ 15 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ โ€“ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื›ืจืš,
            ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื›ืŸ โ€“ ืงื•ืจื ื‘ื›ืจืš ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ (14).

ืžืงื•ืจ โ€“

"ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื™ื ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื–ึดื™ื (ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืงื‘ืข) ื”ึทื™ึผึนืฉืึฐื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืขึธืจึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื–ื•ึนืช (=ืคืจื•ื– ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื•)
ืขึนืฉื‚ึดื™ื ืึตืช ื™ื•ึนื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึธืขึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืœึฐื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ืึฒื“ึธืจ ืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื”..." (ื˜, ื™ื˜),
ื•ืžืกื‘ืจื โ€“ ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืžื•.

B. ืจื‘ื - ื‘ืŸ ื›ืคืจ ืฉืงืจื ื›ื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ืœืš ืœืขื™ืจ ื‘14 โ€“ ืงื•ืจื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘14

ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘14, ืืœื ืฉื”ืงืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืš ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘14 โ€“ ืฉื™ืงืจื ืขืžื.

ืžืงืฉื” ืื‘ื™ื™ โ€“ "ื‘ืŸ ื›ืจืš ืฉื”ืœืš ืœืขื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืงื•ืจื ื›ืžืงื•ืžื•",
                ื•ื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ืื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื• ืœื,
                ืืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื›ืคืจ, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืงื•ืจื ื›ืžืงื•ืžื•.
            ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืจื‘ื โ€“ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืชื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืฉื ื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœ"ืงื•ืจื ืขืžื”ืŸ".

(ื™ื˜. ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืืžืฆืข)

ื‘. ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”

ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•-ืจื‘ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจื™ื-ืจื‘โ€“
ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื›ื•ืœื” (ืจื•ื‘ื” + ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืงื•ื“ื),
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื:

ื“ืขื•ืช (ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื) ื•ืกื‘ืจื•ืช -

 

ืจื™"ื— โ€“ "ื•ึทืชึผึดื›ึฐืชึผึนื‘ ืึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ... ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™... ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืชึผึนืงึถืฃ ืœึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ืึตืช ืึดื’ึผึถืจึถืช ื”ึทืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ึดื™ืช" (ื˜, ื›ื˜)

ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื”ื—ืœ ืฉืžืชืืจ ื—ื•ื–ืง/ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•/ืžืฉื”ื• -

ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื ื โ€“ "ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึตืŸ ืงึธืจึฐืื•ึผ ืœึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ืคื•ึผืจึดื™ื... ื•ึผืžึธื” ืจึธืื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธื›ึธื” ื•ึผืžึธื” ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื" (ื˜, ื›ื•),
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืžืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื”:

ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืœืžื” ื ื”ื’ ื›ืš ("ืžื” ืจืื•"),
ื•ื‘ื›"ื– ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ("ืขืœ ื›ื›ื”"),
ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื•ืฆืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ("ื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื").

ืจ"ืž โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื” - ืื—ืฉื•ืจืืฉ

ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืฉื•ืจืืฉ โ€“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืงื™ืฃ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื™ืฆืœื•.

ืื—ืฉื•ืจืืฉ,
ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”70 ืฉื ื”,
ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืจื’ ืืช ื•ืฉืชื™ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื:).

ืจ"ื™ โ€“ "ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™" (ื‘, ื”) โ€“ ืžืจื“ื›ื™

ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ืžืจื“ื›ื™
(ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืžื›ื”).

ืžืจื“ื›ื™,
ืฉื”ืชื’ืจื” ื‘ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ ืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืข"ื–,
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงืจื” ื ืก.

ืจื™"ืก โ€“ "ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื’ื™ื“ืœ..." (ื’, ื) - ื”ืžืŸ

ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ

ื”ืžืŸ,
ืฉื ืชืงื ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื”,
ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื ืชืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืฅ.

ืจืฉื‘"ื™ (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื) โ€“ "ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื“ื”..." (ื•, ื).

ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืก

ืื—ืฉื•ืจืืฉ,
ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื“ ื‘ืืกืชืจ ื•ืื—ืฉื•ืจืืฉ (ื˜ื•:),
ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืงืจื” ื”ื ืก.

 

(ื™ื˜. 5-, ืื’ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืžืจื ืฉืœ ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•-ืจื‘ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจื™ื-ืจื‘)

ื’. ืกืคืจ ื•ืื™ื’ืจืช

ืกืคืจ- ื•ึผืžึทืึฒืžึทืจ ืึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ืงึดื™ึผึทื ื“ึผึดื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื”ึทืคึผึปืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึผึถื” ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืชึผึธื‘ ื‘ึผึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ (ื˜, ืœื‘).
ืื™ื’ืจืช - ื•ึทืชึผึดื›ึฐืชึผึนื‘ ืึถืกึฐืชึผึตืจ ื”ึทืžึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธื” ื‘ึทืช ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื•ึผืžึธืจึฐื“ึผึณื›ึทื™ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืชึผึนืงึถืฃ ืœึฐืงึทื™ึผึตื ืึตืช ืึดื’ึผึถืจึถืช ื”ึทืคึผื•ึผืจึดื™ื ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื”ึทืฉึผืึตื ึดื™ืช (ื˜, ื›ื˜).

  1. ืงืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช โ€“

ืจ' ื—ืœื‘ื•-ืจื‘ ื—ืžื ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจื™ื-ืจื‘: ืกืคืจ ื•ืื™ื’ืจืช -

ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื›ืก"ืช โ€“ ืฉืชื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” (ื•ืœื ื˜ืžืื” ืื• ืคืฉืชืŸ),
ืžืงืœื™ื ื›ืื™ื’ืจืช โ€“ ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืคื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืจืš, ืžืกืคื™ืง 3 ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.

  1. ืจ"ื™-ืฉืžื•ืืœ โ€“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื - ืœื ื™ืฆื (ืจืฉ"ื™ - ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื™ื’ืจืช + ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื)
  2. ืจื‘ื ืžืงืœ โ€“ ืื ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฆื ื™ื“"ื—.
  3. ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘"ื-ืจื™"ื— โ€“ ืจืง ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ืฉืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื.[1]

ืงื•ึผืœื•ึนืช:

ืื’ื‘ ื–ื”, ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘"ื-ืจื™"ื—:

  • โ€ข"ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึตืŸ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืึตืœึทื™ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื ึตื™ ืœื•ึผื—ึนืช ื”ึธืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื... ื•ึทืขึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึถืจ ื™ึฐืงึนื•ึธืง ืขึดืžึผึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึธื”ึธืจ..." (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜, ื™) โ€“ ื‘ื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืชื•ืจื” (ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื), ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ โ€“ ืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื”.
  • ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืก"ืช ืฉืฉื ืœื ืชื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืž"ืก, ืืš ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• (ื”ื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ) ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื›ืฉื’ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
  • ื”' ื›ื™ืกื” ืืช ืžืฉื” ื•ืืœื™ื”ื• ื›ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืขืจื”, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜ โ€“ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ.
  1. 3.(ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืื™ื’ืจืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ โ€“ ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื›ืื™ื’ืจืช, ืœื ืžืขื›ื‘ ืื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื” ืžื—ื•ืง (ืจืื™ื ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ), ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืจืง ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืกืชื•ืžื•ืช).

(ื™ื˜: ื‘ืžืฉื ื”)

ื“. ืžื™ ื›ืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื”?

ื”ืžืฉื ื” โ€“ "ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื—ืจืฉ ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ืจ"ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ"

ื. ื—ืจืฉ

[ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ โ€“ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช:

  1. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืจื•ืžืช ื—ืจืฉ - ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืจ"ืฉ ื‘"ืค - ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
  2. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš, ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื.
  3. ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข -
    ืจ"ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืจืื‘"ืข โ€“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข (ืžืฉืžืข ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš, ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฆื).

ืจ"ืž โ€“ ื™ืฆื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ("ืขืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืš")].

ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข โ€“

ื”ืงื•ืจื ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืœืื•ื–ื ื• โ€“
ืจ"ื™ โ€“ ื™ืฆื (ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื• ื’ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”), ืจื™"ืก โ€“ ืœื ื™ืฆื (ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“)

ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” โ€“ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื—ืจืฉ ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืงื˜ืŸ"

            ื›ืžื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”?

ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื - ื›ืจื™"ืก, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื (ืจื‘ ืžืชื ื)

ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘ - ื›ืจ"ื™,

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช:

ื”ื ื—ื” ื - ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ("ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื—ืจืฉ") ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื, ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืŸ.

ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ - ื‘ืฉืžืข ("ื™ืฆื") ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“,ืืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื.

ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช:

  1. ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ื - ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืฉื ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื.

ื“ื—ื™ื” โ€“ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื›ื“ืื™ืชื ื•ื”ื ื›ื“ืื™ืชื.

  1. ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื ืชื ื• ืจ"ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืจื™ืฉื ืœื ืจ"ื™.

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืจ"ื™,
ื•ื‘ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื,
ื‘ื—ืจืฉ โ€“ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืŸ,
ื•ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ โ€“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.

  1. ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ โ€“ ืื ืจ"ื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื– ื›ืžื™ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืŸ ืจ"ืฉ ื‘"ืค ืฉืžืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืจืฉ ืœืชืจื•ื? ืืœื ืจ"ื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”!

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื โ€“
A. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืฉืžืชื™ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ).
B. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืชื ื ื ื•ืกืฃ (ืžืชื•ืš ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ืง"ืฉ) -

  1. ืจ"ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชืช ืชืจื•ืžื”).
    ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื• (ืจืื‘"ืข) ืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“     (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื ืชื ื•).
  2. ืจ"ื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื ืชื ื•),
    ืจ"ืž ืžืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”     (ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชืช ืชืจื•ืžื”).

ื‘. ืงื˜ืŸ โ€“

ืจื‘ื ืŸ โ€“ ืœื, ืจ"ื™ โ€“ ื›ืŸ.

A. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื‘ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš.

B. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ื›. 11+) โ€“

  • ืจ"ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืงืจื ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจ"ื˜.

ืืžืจื• ืœื• โ€“ ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ.

  • ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืงืจื ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจ"ื™.
    ืืžืจื• ืœื•: 1. ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ืจ. 2. ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ.

 

[1] ื•ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“"ื— ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื? ืฉืคืช ืืžืช โ€“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงืœืฃ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื ื™ืงืจืื• ืžื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื, ืืš ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื–ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ืงืจืื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกื.


 

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ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜

ืืชืจ "ืกื™ื ื™"
  • ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ื™"ื‘
    20 ื“ืง'
    ืคืกื—ื™ื

    ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“ืฃ ื™"ื‘

    ื›"ื“ ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’
  • ืฉื‘ืช - ื“ืฃ ื›ื—'
    13 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื‘ืช

    ืฉื‘ืช - ื“ืฃ ื›ื—'

    ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฆืจ

    ื˜ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ - ื“ืฃ ืค"ื–
    10 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ - ื“ืฃ ืค"ื–

    ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฆืจ

    ื›"ื‘ ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืข"ื
  • ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ - ื“ืฃ ืข"ื—
    21 ื“ืง'
    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ

    ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ - ื“ืฃ ืข"ื—

    ื”ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฆืจ

    ื™"ื’ ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืข"ื
ืžื’ื™ืœื”
ืžื’ื™ืœื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช ื–"ืœ
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il