ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืฉื‘ืช
  • ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช
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22 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจืกื™ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ
ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื•ืข ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ืกืจื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืงื• ื•ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœื ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžืชื—ื•ืžื•. ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ื• ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื˜ื•ืจื— ื•ื“ืื’ื”, ื•ื™ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื•ื™ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ืฉื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื™ืชืขื ื’ื• ืขืœ ื”' ื•ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืชื”ืœืš ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฆืืช. ื•ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—. ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ื”ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื•ื”ื ื›-912 ืžื˜ืจื™ื. 1
ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื”, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื›ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื™ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื™ืœืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—. 2 ื•ืื ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื• (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื—).
ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกืž"ื’, ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืžื™ืœ (24,000 ืืžื”), ืฉื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืง"ืž (10,944 ืžื˜ืจ), ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื–, ื›ื˜): "ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื™ื•, ืึทืœ ื™ึตืฆึตื ืึดื™ืฉื ืžึดืžึผึฐืงึนืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™". ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืžื™ืœ, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื. 3
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื—ืชืŸ ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืฉื™ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ', ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืœืฆื“ ื”ื ืฆืจืš (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ื‘-ื™ื“). ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื).

ื‘ - ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืชื—ื•ื
ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืข, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืจื•ื‘ืข. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืฉืงื•ื˜ืจื• ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ืืœื ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื•ืื ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื• ืขื™ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ืจืชื ืขื’ื•ืœื”, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืžืœื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช (ืžืฉื ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื’, ื).


ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืžืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช. 4

ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ื• ืฉืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขืจื™ื”ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”, ื”):
"ื•ึผืžึทื“ึผึนืชึถื ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึธืขึดื™ืจ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ืงึตื“ึฐืžึธื” ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ื ึถื’ึถื‘ ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ื™ึธื ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึตืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ืฆึธืคื•ึนืŸ ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึธื•ึถืšึฐ".
ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืชื—ื•ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืชื—ื•ื ืขื’ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืชื—ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืข, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืจื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืืจื‘ืข ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื—"ื› ืœืฉืจื˜ื˜ ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ื.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื’ื ื˜ืขื ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืฉื”ืื“ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื• ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ, ื’ื ืฆื•ืจืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืขื’ืœื™ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ ืจื•ืžื– ืœืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืขืช, ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืชืช ื›ืœื™ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื”. ื•ื–ื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืข.

ื’ - ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื
ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื•. ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ืืœืฃ ืืžื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉืœื•, ื—ืœืงื• ื—ื•ืคืฃ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ื—ืœืงื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืคืฃ.
ื’ื ืขืœ ื‘ื”ืžืชื• ื•ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื™, ื—ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ื”ืœืš ืื“ื ืขื ื˜ืœื™ืชื• ืขื“ ืœืงืฆื” ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื•ืจืฆื” ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืœื™ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื–, ื’).
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช ืื—ืช, ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขืžื” ืืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื’, ื˜).

ื“ - ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”
ื”ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื’ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•. ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื, ืื ื”ื ืžื•ืงืคื™ื ื’ื“ืจ ืื• 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื• (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื—).
ืืœื ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—, ื•ืื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื ืกืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื›ื“' ืืžื•ืช. 5

ื” - ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ื›ื™ื•ื
ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื•ืืžืจื• (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื–, ื‘): "ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื”, ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ". ืฉืื ื™ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืžืชื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื•ื‘ื“ื•, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืงืฆืจ. ื•ืื ื™ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืฉื™ืžืชื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืจื—ื‘. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื—ื•ื– ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืœื‘, ืฉืื ืื—ื“ ื™ืื—ื–ื ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจืืฉื• ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ื ืžืฆื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชืงืฆืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื˜, ื-ื’). ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื•, ืฉืื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ื™ืžื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืงื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ. ื•ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื’ื‘ืขื”, ื™ืจื™ืžื• ืชืจื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืžืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืœ ืžืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ืข ืืช ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ื’ื™ื ืื• ื”ื’ื‘ืขื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื”, ื™ืžื“ื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื›ืฉื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืื•ื—ื–ื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืฉืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืœื™ื‘ื•. ื•ืื ื”ืžื“ืจื•ืŸ ืชืœื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื“ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืื•ืžื“. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืฆื•ืง ืฉืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“' ืืžื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœืœ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื—, ื-ื‘, ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื˜, ื“-ื”).
ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื” ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ืคื”. ื•ืื ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื™ืงืœ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื—, ื‘; ื ื˜, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื˜, ื–-ื˜). ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ื ืงืœืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ื• ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฆืจืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื™ืœืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืคืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœืขืจืš (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื–, ื‘, ืž"ื‘ ื”).
ื›ื™ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื’ืžืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืชื, ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื—ื”, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•.

ื• - ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื™ืจ
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘), ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ืžืจื•ื‘ืข. ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—.
ื•ืขืชื” ื ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื—, ื’). 6 ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื—, ื).
ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื:

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื:
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉืœื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื™ืจ (ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืฉืฆื—, ื’, ื—"ื ืขื•, ื™ื“). ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 7). ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข.
ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆืœืข ื™ืฉืจื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ (ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ืจ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจื” (ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื‘, ื•ืื– ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื). 7
ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืฉื•ื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื•ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื•ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืจ ืœื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืชื—ื•ืžื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื‘).

ื– - ืื™ืžืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื ืฉื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืชื•ื— ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ืœืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืขื™ืจ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื›ืงืฉืช, ืื• ื›ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจื” (ื›ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ื’ืื - ฮ“). ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืœืขื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื.
ืžื•ื‘ืœืขืช ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจื”:

ืžื•ื‘ืœืขืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ ื›ืงืฉืช:8


8
ื— - ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ืงืจืคืฃ', ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฆืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื›-32 ืžื˜ืจ ืœืขืจืš, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉืœื•. 9
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ื›ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-32 ืžื˜ืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืื™ื ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-32 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ืื•ืชื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-32 ืžื˜ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืœื‘ืŸ.
ืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•, ืื ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื—ืฆืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-64 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื” ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“. ื•ืื ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ื—ืฆืจื•ืช, ื›-64 ืžื˜ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื‘ืชื™ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• ื‘ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืก, ื. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” 50 ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื—ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ืช, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืขื ื—ืฆืจ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช, ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื•ื ื”, ืž"ื‘ ืฉืฆื—, ืœื—, ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื•"ื— ืงื™, ื™ื˜).

ื•ืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื—ื•ืžื” ืื• ืขื™ืจื•ื‘, ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืื• ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ืงืจืคืฃ', ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื˜ - ื”ื‘ืœืขืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื
ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ, ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื–ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื›ืื—ื“. ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื•ืชื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื–) ืื™ืŸ ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื•, ืืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“.

ื™ - ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช
ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ืขื™ืจ ืฉืจื•ื—ื‘ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-64 ืžื˜ืจ, ืื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ื™ ื•ืคืืจืงื™ื, ืฉืจื•ื—ื‘ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-64 ืžื˜ืจ, ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ื ืคืจื“.
ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื”, ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื™ื—ื“. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืœืขืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื• ื”ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื—ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื—ื‘, ืœื ื™ืชืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™"ื‘ ืžื™ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™"ื‘ ืžื™ืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื). 10

ื™ื - ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื
ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’, ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื”, ื, ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 1). ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืงื‘ื™ื•, ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžืขื˜ ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชืคื ื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ืจื™ื— ืจืข, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืžืฉื ืœื ื™ืœืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื•, ื).
ื•ืื ื™ืฆื ืžืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ืš ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืื• 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' - ืื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื• - ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื”, ื•; ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ืื‘ืœ').
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—. ื•ืื ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื™ืชื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ืฆื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“, ื‘. ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืืฃ ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื•, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื–, ื™, 12).
ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืจืขื” ืœื• ืชืงืœื” ื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืื—ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ื ื—ื™ืชืชื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆื“. 11 ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžื•ืงืฃ ื’ื“ืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ื ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืœืš ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืงืฃ ื’ื“ืจ, ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืจื’ืข ื ื’ื™ืขืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืงืจืงืข, ื•ืื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื”, ื™ืฆื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื“ ืฆืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืืš ืื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืœืฆืืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืฆืืช, ื•ืื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืžื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฆื ืžืชื—ื•ืžื• ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื”, ื•). ื•ืื ื˜ื™ืกืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื ืกืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืœื, ื•ืื•ืชื• ืฉื˜ื— ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžืคืชื— ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืžื—, ื“, ืž"ื‘ ืœื‘).
ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืกืคื™ื ืชื• ืœื ืžืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื ืžืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืžืงืจืงืข ื”ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื™ื‘ืฉื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืชื—ื•ืžื•. ื•ืื ื”ื ืžืœ ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ื™ืฆื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื“, ื, ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืขืจื” 3).
ืื ื™ืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืื• ื‘ืื•ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื•, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื•, ื). ื•ืื ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ื’ื ืื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืœืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื”, ื—).
ื›ืฉื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ืœืฆืืช ืžืชื—ื•ืžื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื• ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื—ื•ื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื”, ื˜, ืž"ื‘ ื ื‘, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื•, 6).
ื’ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ืจ, ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช. ื•ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ื’ื“ืจ ืื• 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ. ื•ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื• ื•ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื›ื”, ื—). 12
ื™ื‘ - ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ
ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ'. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘'. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื• ืžืงื•ื“ื ืขื ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืฉืžื• 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ'. ืืœื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืœืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžื” ืื—ืช.
ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื: ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืฉื”ื” ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืžืฉื ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ืืœื ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื•, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜, ื–; ืž"ื‘ ื›ื˜). 13
ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื•ืืžื™ืจืช ื ื•ืกื— ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ' ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืื ื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜ื•, ื).
ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžื‘ื™ืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืœ'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘'. ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืชื• ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื•ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื• ื ืžื“ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืชื•. 14
ื•ืœื ืจืง ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ' ืืœื ื—ืžืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืืžื”. ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื—ืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืืจืขื™ืช (ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืขื™ืจ, ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•), ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉื›ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื™ื’ - ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื—ืช 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ' ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื•
ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื—ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช. ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืฉืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›-300 ืกืž"ืง (ื•ื™"ื 8 ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื). ื•ืื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืžืœืคืชื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืคืช, ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœืคืช ื‘ื• ืœื—ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืฉืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜, ื–). ื•ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืื• ืžืžืจื— ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืœื—ื ืจื‘. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื—ื•ืžืฅ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช' (75 ืž"ืœ) ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช (ืž"ื‘ ืฉืคื•, ืœื”; ืชื˜, ืœื•). ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืจื‘, ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ 150 ืž"ืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืคื•, ื•), ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืžืœื— (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•, ื). 15
ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื–ื” ืฉ'ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื•, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘'. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ื•. ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืชื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœ'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื’, ื).
ืื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ืœ'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื ืื›ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช, ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘'. ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช (ืจืž"ื ืฉืฆื“, ื‘). ืื ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื ืข ืื•ืชื• ืžืœืงื—ืชื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• - ืื™ื ื• 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื“, ื’; ืชื˜, ื’-ื“).
ื›ืฉื™ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื‘ืจืš: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื‘". ื•ื™ืืžืจ: "ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœื™ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—". ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื’ื ืื ื™ืืžืจ: "ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื‘" ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืœื•ื - ืœื ืงื‘ืข 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜ื•, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื•).
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื™ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืคื™ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘'. ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜ื•, ื“). ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืฉื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื™ืืžืจ: "ืœื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”", ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ (ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื–).
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—. ืื‘ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื ื›ืจื™, ืื• ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' - ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื—. ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื ื•ืกื—, ื•ืื ืœื ืืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื™ื ื• 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜, ื—). ื•ืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื™ืืžืจ: "ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืžื ื™ื— ืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—" - ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ (ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ื™ืืžืจ').
ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืœื ืžื“ืขืชื•. ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืจืฉืื™ ืื“ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื•ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื™ืžื—ื• ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื. ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉืฉ ื˜ืคืœ ืœืืžื•, ื•ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืืžื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื“, ื-ื‘).

ื™ื“ - ื”ื ื—ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื
ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขืœ ืชื ืื™. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืฉื ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืืœื ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืืŸ ื™ืœืš, ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื— ืื• ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘ ืื• ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื™ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื— ื•'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืื—ื“ ืœืฆื“ ืžืขืจื‘, ื•ื™ืชื ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื”ื• ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื”ืื ืœืคื™ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืื• ืฉื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื• ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื•. ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื‘, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื’, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื—). 16
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ืชื ื“ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื™ืืžืจ: "ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืื•ืจื—ื™ื”ื ืœื™ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—". ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ืื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ืชื• ืฆื“, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื’, ื).
ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืจืฆื• ืขืฉืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื”ื–ื”. ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืขืฉืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ืืžืจ "ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœื™ืœืš ืžืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”". ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื’, ื, ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“'). ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉื”ื ื™ื—, ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื–ื“ืงืง ืœื•, ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš.
ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื‘ืœื ืชื ืื™, ืชื—ื•ืžื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืชื•.
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ื™ื”ื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ืœืฉื•ืžืจืŸ ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืชืขื ื’ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืชืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ, ื•ืื•ืจื” ื™ืชืคืฉื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืชืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื›ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•.


^ 1.. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื ืื”, ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื• ืจื•ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื), ืืžื” - 48ืฉ ืก"ืž, ื•ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” - 960 ืžื˜ืจ. ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช 'ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ' ืืžื” - 57.6 ืก"ืž, ื•ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” 1152 ืžื˜ืจ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื“ืจื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื—ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ื ืื” ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื“ืจื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืœืš ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื”. ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืคื— ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืจืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืกืื” ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืืžื” ืขืœ ืืžื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืžื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืฉ ื”, ื›ื“, ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืื•ืจืš ื”ืืžื” ื”ื•ื - 45.6 ืก"ืž, ื•ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” 912 ืžื˜ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืื•ืจืš ื”ืืžื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 45 ืก"ืž. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™, 11. ื•ื›ืš ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื˜, 1.
^ 2.. ืœืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื•, ื, ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ื•ื 4 ืืžื•ืช ืขืœ 4 ืืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื”"ืจ ื•ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช. ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—, ืฉื™ื—ื“ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืช.
^ 3.. ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ืœื•ืš, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื™ืงืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืžื”ืงืจืงืข, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’, ื, ืฉื•"ืข ืชื“, ื). ืœืฉื•"ืข ืจืžื—, ื‘, ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืžืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืœืงืจืงืข, ื•ืœืจื"ื ืžืจื’ืœื™ื• ืœืงืจืงืข, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ, ืž"ื‘ ืจืžื—, ื™ื“, ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืžืขืœ ื™' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™"ื‘ ืžื™ืœ (ืจืž"ื ืชื“, ื).
^ 4.. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื—, ื”, ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื• ืžื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ (ื›ื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื–, ื). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ืจืž"ื, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืงืจืคืฃ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืฆืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืืžื” ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ (ื›-32 ืžื˜ืจ), ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืžืฉื ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” (ื›ื“ืขืช ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืฉื. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืž"ื‘ ืฉืฆื—, ื›ื, ื•ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ื›ืŸ'). (ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื—, ืฉื‘ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื’ื ืœืฉื•"ืข ื™ืฉ ืงืจืคืฃ).
^ 5.. ื•ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ (ื”ืขื™ืจ) ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืฉืœื•, ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื“' ืืžื•ืช, ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื—, ื). ื›ื–ื”:


^ 6.. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืจื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืœืš ืืœื™ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืขืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื˜ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”, ื”): "ื•ึผืžึทื“ึผึนืชึถื ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึธืขึดื™ืจ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ืงึตื“ึฐืžึธื” ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ื ึถื’ึถื‘ ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึถืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ื™ึธื ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐืึตืช ืคึผึฐืึทืช ืฆึธืคื•ึนืŸ ืึทืœึฐืคึผึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึธืึทืžึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื‘ึผึทืชึผึธื•ึถืšึฐ" - ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื›ื—, ื–) ื•ืฉื•"ืข (ืฉืฆื—, ื’). ื•ื›"ื› ืž"ื‘ ืฉืฆื—, ื–, ื•ื—ื–ื•"ื ืงื™, ื›ื’. ื•ื™"ื ืฉืจืฉืื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืจื‘ืข ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื–, ื, 'ืื'; ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืฆื—, ื; ืžืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื–, ื‘; ื ื•"ื‘ ืชื ื™ื™ื ื ืื•"ื— ื ื).
^ 7.. ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื ื” ืฆืœืข ื™ืฉืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืœืžื“ื• ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื›ืงืฉืช ืฉืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื™ืชืจ (ืžืื™ืจื™ ื ื”, ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžื ื™ื: ืค, ืงื™.
ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืžืจื‘ืขื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช (ื›"ื› ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื›ื’ืื: ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจ"ืŸ, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืžืื™ืจื™). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื' ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื‘' ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืฉืฆื—, ื’; ื—"ื ืขื•, ื™ื“). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ (ื—ื–ื•"ื ืงื™, ื›ื’). ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืœื”. ืืžื ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื•ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจื‘ืข ืœืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื.
^ 8.. ืืžื ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื—, ื“, ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžืคืชื— ื”ื‘ืชื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชืขื’ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื ื”, ื‘, 'ื•ืื ืœืื•'), ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืž"ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ื”ืชืงืฆืจื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื”, ืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ืงื• ื™ืฉืจ. ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค, ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื™ืงืœ. ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืžื™ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื“ืขืชื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ื™"ื'. ืืœื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืจ ืกืคืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืฉื”ืงืฉืช ืžืชืจื—ื‘ืช ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ืืœืคื™ื ืืžื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•"ืข, ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ื ืžืชืขื’ืœ. ื•ื›"ื› ื—ื–ื•"ื (ืื•"ื— ืงื™, ื™). ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.
^ 9.. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ืงืจืคืฃ' ื”ื•ื: 70 ืืžื” ื•-4 ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื•ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™: 32.224 ืžื˜ืจ, ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ: 64.448 ืžื˜ืจ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 1). ืื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืขืชื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 'ืงืจืคืฃ' 32 ืžื˜ืจ, ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ืคื•ืœ: 64 ืžื˜ืจ.
^ 10.. ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ 64 ืžื˜ืจ, ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉืฆื—, ื–). ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื ืฉื, ืฉืื ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ืคืจืฆื” ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื—ืœืงื” ืœืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื•ื—ื‘ื” 64 ืžื˜ืจ ืชื—ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื” ื›ืฉืชื™ ืขืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื•ืงื•ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืงืจื™ืช ืืจื™ืืœ' ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืจื™ืฉ"ื, ืฉื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ, ื“ืจืš ื ืžื™ืจ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ืจืงื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื—ืžืฉ ืขืจื™ื.
ืื•ืœื ืžื›ืžื” ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืžืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืฆืจืฃ ืื•ืชื ืœืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช. ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืขื™ืจ ืฉื ืคืจืฆื” ืžืชื—ืœืงืช, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื’ื ื—ื•ืžืชื” ื ืคืจืฆื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืงืคืช ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืช. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื ืงืจืข ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืฉื, ืž"ืž ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืช. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืืจื—"ืฉ ื›ื—, ื”ืขืจื” ืงืกื’, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืฉ ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš, ืฉืœืžื“ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ื ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืฅ (ืชื•ืก' ื‘"ืž ื ื’, ื‘).
ื•ืื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ื ื” ื™ืฉืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืื—ืช, ื’ื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘'ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ' (ืคืจืง ื”, ืœื˜, ื•ืฉื ื”ืขืจื” ืงื ื•). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื—ื–ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•"ื— ืข, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฆื“ ืœื”ืงืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉืฉื ื™ ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื›-64 ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ. ื•ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ื ื—ืœ, ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืืฆื˜ื‘ื ืฉืจื—ื‘ื” ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื ื—ืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื™ืจ, ื•ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืคืชื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื ื›ืฉืจื—ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-64 ืžื˜ืจ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืžื•, ื‘ืฉื ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ืกื, ื, 'ื•ืจ"ื—'), ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ "ื•ื”ื ื—ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ื™ืจื” - ืžืขื‘ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ". ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืž"ื ืฉืฆื—, ื™ื’, ืฉืžืกืชืคืง ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœ ืœืฆืจืฃ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื™ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ืชื•' ืขืž' 24. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืš ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืจ ืฉื ืคืจืฆื” (ืจืž"ื ืฉืฆื—, ื–).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืœืขืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื’ื ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”. ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื™ื—ื“. ื•ื’ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™"ื‘ ืžื™ืœ, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื.
^ 11.. ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 3 ืฉื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™"ื‘ ืžื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื”, ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™"ื‘ ืžื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื—ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืœื ื“' ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื•ืœื ืœืจื•ื”"ืค ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ืกืคืง ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืจื•ื—. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืžืขืœื”. ื•ืž"ืž ื’ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื, ืื ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืœื•. (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืจืž"ื ืจืžื—, ื“, ืž"ื‘ ืœื‘; ื™ืฉื›ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื—, ื›, ืกื‘; ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจืžื—, ื“).
^ 12.. ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืคืฆื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืชื—ื•ืžื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืื• ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืขืช. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ. ืืžื ื ืื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืื ื”ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืงื•ืžื - ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืื” ืžืžืขืฉื” ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช. ืฉืื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ - ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžืขืฉื™ื•, ื•ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ืื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื (ืคืž"ื’, ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื™ื—, ื, 'ื”ืžื‘ืฉืœ', ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•, ื“, ื). ื•ืื ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื, ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื•ื™ ืื—ืจ - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื•ื›ืœื, ื•ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ.
ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื’ื ืœื—ืคืฆื™ ื’ื•ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื’ื ืœื—ืคืฆื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืงืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื, ื).
^ 13.. ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืจืš, ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืฉื ื™ ืชื ืื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื˜, ื™ื): ื' ืฉืื ื™ื–ื“ืจื– ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื—ืฉืš. ื‘' ืฉื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืฉืœื•. ื•ืื ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืฉืœื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฆื ืžืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืชื™ื•. ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืœื ืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืขืงืจ ื“ืขืชื• ืžืžื ื•. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“, ื™ื’) ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ืชื˜, ื™ื). ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ื™"ื.
ื•ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ื“' ืืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื’ื–ืข ืขืฅ ืคืœื•ื ื™. ื•ืื ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืงื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืกื•ืคืง. ื•ืื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื™ ืชื—ืช ืื™ืœืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืฉืœื•, ืœื ืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืชื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื—ื“ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ืœื ืงื ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื‘, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื•.
^ 14.. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ. ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื“, ืฉืื“ื ืฉืฉื‘ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื• ื›ื“' ืืžื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืง ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื•. ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ื— ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืจื—ื•ืง ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืžื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื‘ื˜ืœ, ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•. ื•ื›ืš ื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ืžืื™ืจ, ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ื•ืขื•ืœืช ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืชื—, ื, ื•ื›"ื› ื"ืจ ืชื—, ื—. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืž"ื ื•ืž"ื‘ (ืชื—, ื’, ื–, ื™), ื’ื ืœืฉื•"ืข, ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžืขื™ืจื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื— 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืœ'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืืœืคื™ื™ื ืืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘', ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื• ื›ื“' ืืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืœื”. ื•ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืœื”. ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชื—, ื, 'ืจื—ื•ืง' ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื“ืขืช ืž"ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืกืงื• ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ื•ืžื”ื: ื”ื‘"ื—, ื ื•ื‘"ื™ (ืชื ื™ื ื ืžื˜), ื•ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื›ืจืž"ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืž"ื.

^ 15.. ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•, ื, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืžืœื— ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืจืžื‘"ื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื, ื—). ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' (ืฉื 'ืื‘ืœ') ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืžืจื, ืฉื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืฉืขืจื‘ ืฉืžืŸ ืขื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื—. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืฉืคื•, ื”) ืคืกืง ื‘ืกืชื ื›ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื™"ื ื›ืชื•ืก', ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืž"ื‘ (ืก"ืง ื›ื˜) ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื“ืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
^ 16.. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื‘, ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืชื ืื™ ืœืขื™ืจื•ื‘, ืฉื›ืŸ 'ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื” 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืžื•ืš, ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืžืคืจืข ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ืฉื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•, ื‘; ืœื–, ื‘) ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉ'ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”'. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื—, ื, ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืฉืขื™ื, ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื 'ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”', ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ 'ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”'. ื•ื›ืš ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค, ื•ืžื”ื: ืจืžื‘"ื, ืจ"ืช, ืจื"ืฉ, ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจ"ืŸ, ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉืœื, ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ืืฆืœื ื• ืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื’, ื, ืž"ื‘ ื–, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” 'ืขื™ืจื•ื‘' ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื•. (ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจืช: ืœืจ"ื™ 'ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”' ื’ื ื‘ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืœืžื”ืจ"ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ 'ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”' ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ).
ืžืฉื•"ืข ืชื™ื’, ื, ืฉื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ืชื ืื•" ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, "ืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื—ื›ื ืœืฆื“ ืžื–ืจื—, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ ืœืžื–ืจื—", ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื”ื—ื›ื ืœืžื–ืจื—, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื•.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš

    ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”

    ืชืฉืข"ื“
ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช
ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il