ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื–ืžื ื™ื
  • ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” - ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
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24 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืจื‘ืงื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš

ื—ื ื•ื›ื”




ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”


ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื’ื’ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืœื”' ืฉืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื“ืœืง ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื ืก.
ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”". ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื•'? ืืœื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื–, ื™ื): "ืขึทืœ ืคึผึดื™ ื”ึทืชึผื•ึนืจึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ื•ึนืจื•ึผืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืคึผึธื˜ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืชึผึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึถื”, ืœึนื ืชึธืกื•ึผืจ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึนืืœ". ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ืœื‘, ื–): "ื–ึฐื›ึนืจ ื™ึฐืžื•ึนืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื, ื‘ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐื ื•ึนืช ื“ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ึนืจ, ืฉืึฐืึทืœ ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึทื’ึผึตื“ึฐืšึธ, ื–ึฐืงึตื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธืšึฐ" (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื). ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก ืฉืขืฉื” ื”' ืขืžื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”.
ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื”, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื ืก, ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื, ืืœื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขืœื” ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 2, ื•ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื, ื™ื, 14).
ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืคืชื— ืื• ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’, ื-ื’). ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื”, ืฉืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ื™ึตืจืื• ืœืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ืš ื•ืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื (ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’, ื“). ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื’ืจ ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื•ืžื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื ืก.
ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื ื•ืช ื ืจื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ืื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืกื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ื ืื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืกื•ืชื•, ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื ืก, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื“ื™ ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื, ื; ืž"ื‘ ื’; ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื’. ื•ืขื™' ืจืž"ื ืชืจื ื•, ื; ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ืืคื™ืœื•').

ื‘ - ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ
ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช: ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช: ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื›ืžื ื”ื’ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ'.
ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื–ื›ืจื• ื•ื™ืคืจืกืžื• ืืช ื ืก ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื•ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื‘ืขื”, ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ื•ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื ืจื•ืช, ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืคื•ื—ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“, ื›ืš ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื›ื ืกื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจ ืื—ื“, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ืจ ืื—ื“, ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื; ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืก ื ืžืฉืš, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื“ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืก, ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืื•ืชื• ืคืš ืฉืžืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ - ื”ื ืก ื’ื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื ืจื•ืช (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘). ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืจืขื, ื‘).
ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœ"ื• ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืžืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืฉื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื’ืžื” ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืก (ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื™-ื™ื).

ื’ - ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ'. ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื, ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืก ื ืžืฉืš, ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืžืชืคืจืกื ื”ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ืคื— ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคืชื—, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื“ืœื™ืง, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื.
ืื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืœืขืฆืžื, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ืžืฉืืฉ ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื’ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ื”ื, ื•ืื–ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืž"ืฉ ืื•"ื— ืงืฆื‘).

ื“ - ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– - ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื
ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื•, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืฉืžื•ื ื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื•. 1
ื’ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฉืฉ, ืฉืื– ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ืก ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืฉ'ืืฉืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•'. ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื ืขืจื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช. ืืžื ื ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง, ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ืขืŸ ืœื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืžืงืฉืจืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื ืื—"ื›, ืชื‘ื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืฉื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื” ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ืื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื” - ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. 2

ื” - ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•'ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•'
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื• ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืกื—ื”: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”", ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื 'ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”'. 3 ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื”' ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื. ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืกื—ื”: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”". ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•', ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื ื• ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืขื“ ืฉื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช. 4
ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื ื•ืกื— 'ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•' (ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื›, ื•), ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืืžื™ืจืชื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ืคืกืง, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื ื•ืกื— 'ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•' ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืืžื ื ืžื™ ืฉืžืชืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•' ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ 'ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•' ืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช (ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื•, ื—, ืžืฉื‘"ื– ื”).
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื™ืจืช 'ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•' ื™ืฉ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช 'ืœืฉื ื™ื—ื•ื“', ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื›ืœ ื ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืืฉ ืชืื—ื– ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืชื™ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฆื™ื‘, ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉื ื—ืคื–ื™ื ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจ ื ื“ืœืง ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืจ ื”ื‘ื (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืขื’, ื‘, 'ื”ื“ืœืงื”').

ื• - ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืชื›ื ืกื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื™ืขื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืžืŸ ื•ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื ืก, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืฆืจืš ืœืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื›ืžื• ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขืœื”, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขืชื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื. ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจืฉ"ื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื' ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืžืกืคืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื•, ื’). ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืžืŸ.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื—ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขืœื”, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื ื• ืืžืŸ. ื•ื’ื ืื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจ ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช. 5

ื– - ื”ื ืจื•ืช
ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืชื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ืคืชื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืคืกื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื“ืœื•ืง ื™ืคื”, ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื•ื™ื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืืกืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืื• ื‘ืคืชื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื“ื•ืœืงื™ื ื™ืคื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืคืชื™ืœื” ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”.
ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืจ ืžืื™ืจ ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืชืคืจืกื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจ ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื ืจ ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ืื• ืคืจืคื™ืŸ ืฉืื•ืจื ื—ื–ืง ื•ื™ืคื”. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ื“ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืจื• ืฆืœื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื ืก ืคืš ื”ืฉืžืŸ. 6
ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขื™ืจื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืžืกื•ืฃ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžื”ืฉื•ืง, ื•ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ื ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืŸ ืื• ื ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืœื•ืง ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”. 7

ื— - ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื’ืœื” ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ื ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคืชื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืžืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื•ืจื ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื‘ื•ืงื” ื•ืœื ื›ื ืจ. ื•ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื›ืชื‘, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื ื ืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ืื•"ื— ืชืจืขื’).
ื•ืืžื ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจ ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ืื™ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืก, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื ืจ ื›ืฉืจ, ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืก, ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืืฃ ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. 8
ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืื•ืจืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœืžืจื—ืง ืจื‘, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืขืœื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื ืืช ื ืก ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”.

ื˜ - ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื”
ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื“ืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”: "ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”". ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืœื ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื’ืจื•ืข, ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื›ื‘ื•, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื“ื•ืœืงื™ื ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืคืกืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืœืงื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื’, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื›ื–).
ื•ืื ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืจื•ื— ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื›ื™ื‘ืชื” ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืกืคืง, ื•ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื: ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ. 9
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ื”ื™ื” ื ืจ ื“ื•ืœืง ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ื“ืœืง ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื™ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื“ื•ืœืง ื•ื™ื ื™ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” - ืœื ื™ืฆื. ืืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื” ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื”, ื).
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื—ืชื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื ืžืžื™ื˜ืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœื• ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืงื ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืชื• ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ื ืื—"ื› ืœืžืงื•ืžื, ืืœื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื‘ืจืš ื•ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื (ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื•). ื•ืื ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื“ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ื ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ืจืฉืื™ ืœืงืจื‘ื ืžืขื˜ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื™ืจืื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. 10

ื™ - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ื ืจื•ืช
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจ ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืžืขื•ืช ืœืื•ืจื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืœืื•ืจื. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉื ืชืงื ื• ื›ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืก ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื ืก, ื•ืื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจื, ื™ึตืจืื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื ืก (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื’, ื). 11
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืื• ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื“ืœืงื• ืœืฉื ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืชื ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื• ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžื“ื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืคื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื–, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื—). ืื• ืฉื™ืฉืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืืช ื”ืคืชื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื™ื ื™ื— ื‘ืคื—. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืœื ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ืžื ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืื ืื–ืœื• ืœื• ื”ื’ืคืจื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืžื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. 12
ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื. ืื•ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื’ื ืื– ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืคืจืกื•ื ื ืก, ื•ืื ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื, ื™ึตืจืื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืจ ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ. 13

ื™ื - ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ
ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื“ืจ ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื ืื”, ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืžื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื–ื”ื‘. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื— ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืงื— ื›ื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื™ื— ื‘ื”ื ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืคืชื™ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื. ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ืžืคื•ื™ื—ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื’, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ื›ื—; ื›ื”"ื— ืก-ืกื‘).
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื ืจ ื™ึตืจืื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ื™ืชืคืจืกื ื”ื ืก. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืื™, ืฉืœื”ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื ืจื•ืช ืชืชืื—ื“ ื•ืื–ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ึตืจืื• ื›ืžื“ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ื ืจ. ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื•ื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื—ืฉืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืื™ ื™ืžื™ืกื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื, ื“, ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ืœื™ื•).
ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ื•ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื™ื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื•ืคืจื ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื ื™ื— ืคืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื’ื•ืœ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจื ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ืก (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืขื, ื“, ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ืžื•ืชืจ').
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื“ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉืžืฉ, ืฉืื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชืื•ืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืฉืžืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจื ืœื ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจื•.
ืื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื ื˜ืขื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืžืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืื™ื, ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื ื™ื—ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืฉื ืœืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœืื•ืจื• ื•ืœื ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืชืจืขื’, ื, ืž"ื‘ ื›). 14

ื™ื‘ - ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืœืงืชื
ื”ื‘ื ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช: ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืžืื™ื–ื” ื ืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ', ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” (ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื”), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžืืœ. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื ืจ ืœืฉืžืืœื•, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ืจืš ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืช ื”ื ืจ ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื•. ื•ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื›ืš: ื) ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืก. ื‘) ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ื™ืฆื ืฉื™ืคื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื™ื•ืžื ื˜ื•, ื‘) ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืคื•ื ื”, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืคื ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื ืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืคื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื•, ื”, ืž"ื‘ ื™ื). 15
ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™:

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™:

ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™:


ื™ื’ - ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื’, ื“). ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืจื•ื—ื” ืงืœื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืฉืžื ื™ื™ืžืฉืš ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืžืฉื›ืจ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื ืื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื” (ื›-50 ืกืž"ืง).
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื’ื ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื‘, ื™, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืฉื, ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื”, ื˜).
ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืื ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉื›ื— ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืจืง ืื ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช (ื•ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’, ื•; ื™ื’, ื˜).
ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืฉืื ื™ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื”ื• ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืื—ืจ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื™ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช (ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’, ื•, 13).
ื™ื“ - ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืชื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ืชืงื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื, ื–). 16
ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื– ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื™ืชืคืจืกื ื”ื ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ื“ืจื–ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืœื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช.
ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื ื—ื”, ื›ื™ ืื– ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื—ื”. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื”ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื, ืžื–). ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช, ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ืฉื‘ืช.
ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ื•ืื ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ืฉื ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ื™ืชืขื›ื‘ื• ืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ - ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” - ื™ื‘ืจืš. 17

ื˜ื• - ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื ืก ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืชืืกืคื™ื ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืืกืคื™ื ืœืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืื• ืœืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ืจืฆืื”. ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืœื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื— ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”. ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช - ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”.
ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืง ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ื•ืื– ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื›ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืžื ื”ื’.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืฉืื™. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื, ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืฉื ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ืื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉืžื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื™ืชืคืจืกื ื”ื ืก ืœืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืื ืืคืฉืจ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. 18



^ 1.. ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ืื ืžื ื”ื’ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื“, ื-ื’, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืœืจ"ื™ (ืชื•ืก' ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘), ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืื—ืช, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื’ืžืช 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื ืก ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื, ื‘. (ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจื"ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ, ืฉืืฃ ืื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื ืจื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื”). ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”. ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืœื™ื“ ื”ืคืชื—, ื•ืื–ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื“ืœื™ืง. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ืชืจืขื, ื, ื‘ืฉื ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืคืจืื’, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื’ื ืœืชื•ืก' ื”'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ื”ื•ื 'ืžืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ืฉ', ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ื“ื—ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืก', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ื“ืงื“ืงื• ืฉืœืจืžื‘"ื ืื—ื“ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” (ืขืž' 232), ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืงืคืื—, ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืจืžื‘"ื. ื•ื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื˜"ื– ืชืจืขื–, ื, ื•ืž"ื ืชืจืขื–, ื˜, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ืœื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ื‘'ืฉืคืช ืืžืช' ืœืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘, ื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืงื ื” ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขื•ื“ ื ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื”ืื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืœื"ืจ ื™ื‘ืจืš ื•ืœืคืจ"ื— ืกื•"ืก ืชืจืข"ื‘, ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš, ื•ืœื–ื” ื ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจืข"ื ืชื ื™ื ื ื™ื’ (ืขื™"ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘), ืขืค"ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ื˜"ื– ื•ืž"ื.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื•, ื”ืื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืขื”"ื‘. ื•ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื™ืฆืื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ื ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืœื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืฆืืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜"ื– ื•ืž"ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื. ื•ืฆ"ืข. ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืกื‘ืจืช ื”'ืฉืคืช ืืžืช'. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
^ 2.. ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืืฉืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื, ื˜, ื•ืชืจืขื”, ื˜; ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืขื, ื˜ื–. ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื: ืœื—ืช"ืก ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื ื•ืข ืฉืชืฆืื ื”. ืœืžืฉืžืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ืžื—, ื‘, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืื ืœื ืžื“ืœื™ืงื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืชื“ืœืงื ื”. ื•ื™"ื ืฉื˜ืขื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื ื›ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื›ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื•, ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืคืจื ืง) ื™ื“, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื—, ื’, ื•ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘, ื-ื’).
ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื”, ื˜. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ืจืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืง"ื• ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจื•ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื’ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื“ืœื™ืง, ื•ืื ืชืจืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืœื ืชื‘ืจืš.
^ 3.. ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื, ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” 'ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”', ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื•, ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื•, ื, ื›ืชื‘: 'ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”', ื•ื›ืš ื“ืขืช ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ื•ื›ืš ืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื.
^ 4.. ื™"ื ืฉื‘ืจื›ื•ืช 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื' ื•'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ืจื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื (ืžืื™ืจื™). ื•ื™"ื ืฉื ืชืงื ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืื• ืจื•ืื” ื ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืจื›ืŸ (ืจืžื‘"ื). ื•ื’ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื‘ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืจืขื•, ื’, ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข. ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืžืกืคืง. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื™ื˜, ื“.
^ 5.. ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื: "ื”ืจื•ืื” ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš". ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืžื‘ืจืš ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช - 'ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง' ื•'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื', ื•ื”ืจื•ืื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืื—ืช - 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•'. ืืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืจื•ืื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืขืœื™ื• ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืื” ืืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื™ื‘ืจืš 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ืžืชื•ืš ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืขืœื™ื• ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืžืข ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื' ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจืื” ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื™ื‘ืจืš 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืฉื” ืฉืœื ืฉืžืขื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื” ืžื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ืฉืชื‘ื•ื ืื—"ื› ื•ืชืจืื” ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืชืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืจืื” ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื™ื‘ืจืš 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'. ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ื“ืขืช ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืกืž"ื’, ืฉืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืง ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ืฉื™ืจืื” ื ืจื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” - ื™ื‘ืจืš 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื'.
ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื•, ื’, ืž"ื‘ ื•, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื˜-ื™ื, ื›ื”"ื— ื›ื“, ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคืง. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื–, ื’, ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ื›ื’. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื, ื•ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ื‘"ื— ืชืจืขื•, ื’, ื•ืž"ื‘ ื•, ื•ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื˜. ื•ื’ื ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืฆื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืž"ื ืชืจืขื‘, ื”, ื—"ื ืงื ื“, ื›, ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื‘, ื™, ื‘ื"ื— ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ื, ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•, ื; ื•, ื˜ื–; ื•ืฉื ืขืž' ืžื–-ืžื—; ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื˜, ื; ืœื˜, ื“, 1.
^ 6.. ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘; ื›ื’, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื’, ื. ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”), ืืžืจื• ืฉืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืจื• ืฆืœื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™"ื ืฉืฉืขื•ื•ื” ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“"ืž ืชืจืขื’, ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ืชืจืขื’. ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืœืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืก, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืž"ื‘ ื“, ื•ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืจืฆื™"ื”. (ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ, ืขื™' ื‘ืžื—ื”"ืฉ ื, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื“, ื›ื”"ื— ื™ื—, ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื™ื“, 21-23).
^ 7.. ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘, ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื”ื•ื "ืžืฉืชืฉืงืข ื”ื—ืžื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื›ืœื” ืจื’ืœ ืžื”ืฉื•ืง", ื•ืœืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื•ื›ืš ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื‘, ื‘, ื•ืชืจืขื”, ื‘. ื•ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื‘, ื”. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื• ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืฉื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืง (ืื•"ื– ื•ืกืž"ื’). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืžืŸ, ื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืขื‘, ื‘, 'ื›ื–ื”'). ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘, ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“, ื‘, ื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”.
^ 8.. ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืืฉ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืขื˜. ื•ื“ืขืช ืจืฉื–"ื (ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื˜ื•, ื’), ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืคื ืก ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื• (ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืขืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœืคืชื™ืœื”). ืื•ืœื ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค ืฉื ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื›ืฉืจื”, ื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื’, ืœื”, ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื. ื•ื“ื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื•ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ืื•"ื— ืชืจืขื’ ื›ืชื‘: "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื ื›ื ืกื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื—ืœื” ื”ืชืงื ื”. ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื›ืชืžื™ื, ื“ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจ ืžืื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื". ื•ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืจ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•"ื— ื‘, ืงื™ื“, ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื“, ื”, ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ื•ืจื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช.
^ 9.. ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 7. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื›ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ืขื™' ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืจืขื’, ืœ. ื•ื’ื ืื ื›ื™ื‘ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืงื ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื”ืœื›ื”. ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื•"ื— ื‘, ืงื™ื“, ืฉืื ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื“ืœืงื• ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื– ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืกื’ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคืชื—, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืœื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”.
ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ืœ ื•ื˜"ื– (ืž"ื‘ ื›ื•), ืฉืื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ืœืงื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ื•ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืจืื•ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื. ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื‘ืช ืื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื›ื•"ืข ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืงื.
^ 10.. ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” - ืœื ื™ืฆื, ืฉื”ืจื•ืื” ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื”, ื). ื•ืฆ"ืข ืื ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืฆื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืž"ืž ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื (ืž"ื‘ ื•). ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื˜, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก, ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื•ืชืจ, ื•ืขื™' ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืจืขื“, ื“.
^ 11.. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื–"ื” ื•ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจื ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื, ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืขื•ื“ - ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื"ืฉ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืืจืขื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื’ื ืื™ ืžื•ืชืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืช ืžืจื—ื•ืง. ื•ืœืจื•ื”"ืค ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื’, ื. ื•ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ื™ืฉ' ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื“ืจืš ืืจืขื™, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืขื˜ ืœืื•ืจืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืžื•ืชืจ. ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฆื•ื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื—.
^ 12.. ืขื™' ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื‘, ื, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื, ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื“, ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืž"ื ื•ืž"ื‘, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ื—. ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื.
^ 13.. ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื‘, ื‘, ืž"ื‘ ื–-ื—. ื•ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ืœ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืœืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื”ื ื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘"ื— ืฉืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืจืง ืื ื”ืชื ื” ืฉืœื ืชื—ื•ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ื•ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื’, ื“, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืช ื™ื“ืœืงื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ื•ืขืค"ื™ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืกืชื ืฉืฉืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ื‘ืœื ืœื—ืœืง ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืœืง ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”. ืืžื ื ืื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืจ ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ - ืžื•ืชืจ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื–, ื™ื—.
^ 14.. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ืขื™' ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื, ื‘, ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื, ื”, ื‘ืื•"ื” 'ื•ืฆืจื™ืš', ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื ืจ ืจืฉื•ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืชืจืขื’, ื, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื ืจ ืฉืžืฉ ืื—ื“ ืžืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื™"ื ืฉืื ื‘ื ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืืกื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื”ื ื” ืžืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื”ืคืจ"ื— ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืจืง ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืจ ืจื‘ ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ืœืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื’, ื˜ื•, ืขืค"ื™ ืž"ื, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื•ืื” ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืœืฆืจื›ื• ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื›ื“, ื•ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื 'ืฉืื', ื•'ื™ื”ื™ื”', ื•ื›ื”"ื— ืœื˜.
^ 15.. ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืขื•, ื”, ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘, ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื”"ื— ืœื. ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ื—"ื ืงื ื“, ื›ื’, ื•ืž"ื‘ ื™ื. ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืืœ, ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืคื•ื ื” ืœืฉืžืืœ, ืืœื ื›ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืžืฉื ืคื•ื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื: ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ืคืชื— (ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœืคืชื— ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื”ื• ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ), ื•ืžืžื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืช. ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื˜"ื– ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ื•ืžืฉื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืžืืœ. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื–ื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชื—. ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”.
^ 16.. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  - ืžืฉื•ื ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื ืก. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื’, ื‘, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ื”ื›ืœื‘ื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘"ืฉ ืงื™"ื ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ื ืก ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืขื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ืก ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืจืฆื• ืœืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜. ื•ืœื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื–ื•. ื•ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื ื•ืขื“ ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ื ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ืจื™ื– ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื™"ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืœื˜ืขืžื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื . ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 5, ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืขืฆื ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ื ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจื•, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื“ืื”, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ืกื™ื' ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื .
ื•ืž"ืž ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื , ืื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืฉืชื• ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™"ื ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื (ืขื™' ื‘"ื™ ืชืจืขื•, ื’, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื’), ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ื›. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื, ืžื”, ื›ื”"ื— ืขื“. (ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื‘, ืขื–, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื’ื 'ืฉืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื' ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš, ื•ื‘ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื, ืงืฆ, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื’ื 'ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•' ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื”ื›"ื  ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืœื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืฉืชื•.
^ 17.. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ืฉื ืขืฉืจื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฉืžืขื• ืขืฉืจื” (ืž"ื, ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืขื, ืžื–, ื•ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืœื™ืงื• ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื”, ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืขื, ืขื‘). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ืื•"ื— ื‘, ืกื‘, ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื ืฉื™ื, ื’ื ืœืžืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื–, ื—, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
^ 18.. ื”ืื•ืกืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื”ื: ืžื ื—"ื™ ื•, ืกื”, ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื˜ื•, ืœ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืจืคื•, ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื“, ืกื”, ืจืฉื–"ื ื•ืจื™ืฉ"ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืฉื ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื’ื ืื ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืจื™ ื™, ื”ืขืจื” ื›ื“). ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื–, ื ื–, ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›"ื› ืžืฉื ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื”ื’ืจ"ื™ ืจื•ื–ื ื˜ืœ. ื•ื‘ืื– ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ื”, ืœื–; ื•, ืขื”, ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืจืš ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืกืคื” ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ืืžื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœื• ื›ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื’ืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืจื˜ื•, ื’, ื•ืž"ื‘ ื™ื“, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ื™ื“, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืชืจื’ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข
  • ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš

    ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
    1:03
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื

    ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื | ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” | ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื
    34 ื“ืง'
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื

    ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–

    ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื” ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื• ื–) ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’
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    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื‘
    31 ื“ืง'
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    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื‘

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
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    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘
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    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
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    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
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    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il