ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜
  • ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ื ื•ืกื—ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”
undefined
9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืคืจืช ื‘ืช ื ืขืžื™


ื˜ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜



ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื”: ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ
ืกื“ืจ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜



 



ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืกื“ืจ
ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื›ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”. ืžืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ ืœื ื• ืžืืจืฅ ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื‘ืžืชื™ืงื•ืชื ื•ืขืกื™ืกื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”.
ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช "ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื”". ื ืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืจื’ืข ืืช ืฉื˜ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื ื˜ืขื ืคืจื™ ืขืกื™ืกื™, ื ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืชืง ื”ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ื, ื ืœื’ื•ื ืžืขื˜ ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืžื›ืจืžื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื•ื ื˜ื” ืื•ื–ื ื ื• ืœืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช - ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื•ืขื ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืคืข ืœื ื• ืžืจื’ื‘ื™ ืื“ืžืชื ื•.
ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื "ืœืคืชื•ื— ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ" ืžืงื•ืฉื˜ ื•ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉืคืข ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื˜ื”ืจืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ื™ืงืจื ืคืกื•ืง ืื• ืžื“ืจืฉ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื ื’ืŸ, ืœืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืœื–ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘"ื–ืžืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ" ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ื˜ืขืžื• ื•ืจืื• ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘!
ื”ืขืจื” - ืกื™ื“ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืกื•ืง.

ืืจืฅ
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื—
ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืžึฐื‘ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ ืึถืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ืึถืจึถืฅ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึตื™ ืžึธื™ึดื ืขึฒื™ึธื ึนืช ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึนืžึนืช ื™ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึดืงึฐืขึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึธืจ: ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึดื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืขึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐื’ึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึผืชึฐืึตื ึธื” ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึตื™ืช ืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื: ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึนื ื‘ึฐืžึดืกึฐื›ึผึตื ึปืช ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึนื ืชึถื—ึฐืกึทืจ ื›ึผึนืœ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึทืจึฐื–ึถืœ ื•ึผืžึตื”ึฒืจึธืจึถื™ื”ึธ ืชึผึทื—ึฐืฆึนื‘ ื ึฐื—ึนืฉืึถืช: ื•ึฐืึธื›ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธื‘ึธืขึฐืชึผึธ ื•ึผื‘ึตืจึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื˜ึผึนื‘ึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ:

ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืคืจืง ืœื•
(ื—) ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึถื ื”ึธืจึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื ึฐืคึผึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึดืชึผึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึผืคึถืจึฐื™ึฐื›ึถื ืชึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ืœึฐืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึผึดื™ ืงึตืจึฐื‘ื•ึผ ืœึธื‘ื•ึนื:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ืฆื— ืขืžื•ื“ ื
ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื: ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืืชื ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืคื›ื ืชืชื ื• ื•ืคืจื™ื›ื ืชืฉืื• ืœืขืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื•'.
ืจืฉ"ื™- ื›ืฉืชืชืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืจื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื™ืคื”, ืื– ื™ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงืฅ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืงืฅ ืžื’ื•ืœื” ืžื–ื”.


ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืขื•ืจื”
ื™ืงื— ืขื•ื’ื” ืžืงืžื— ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”:
ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ืžึฐื–ื•ึนื ื•ึนืช:

ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืจืง ื›ื–
)ื›ื—) ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึผึถืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดื˜ึผึทืœ ื”ึทืฉึผืึธืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืžึทื ึผึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืจึนื‘ ื“ึผึธื’ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืชึดื™ืจึนืฉื:
(ื›ื˜) ื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืึปืžึผึดื™ื ื”ึฑื•ึตื” ื’ึฐื‘ึดื™ืจ ืœึฐืึทื—ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืึดืžึผึถืšึธ ืึนืจึฐืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืงื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืกืฃ: ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืชื•ืฆื™ื ื’ืœื•ืกืงืื•ืช (ืœื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช) ื•ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ืœืช (ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืžืฉื™) ... ืขืชื™ื“ื” ื—ื˜ื” ืฉืชืชืžืจ ื›ื“ืงืœ ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจื™ื; ื•ืฉืžื ืชืืžืจ, ื™ืฉ ืฆืขืจ ืœืงื•ืฆืจื”? ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ: ื™ืจืขืฉ ื›ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื•, ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืจื•ื— ืžื‘ื™ืช ื’ื ื–ื™ื• ื•ืžื ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืžืฉืจื” ืืช ืกืœืชื”, ื•ืื“ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืฉื“ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืœื ืคื™ืกืช ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืžืžื ื” ืคืจื ืกืชื• ื•ืคืจื ืกืช ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•.


ื’ืคืŸ
ืžื” ืงื•ื“ื - ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืขืœ ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืฉืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืœ"ืืจืฅ"?
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื - ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจื™ื ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ืชืžืจื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืจื™ื, ื’), ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ืจืž"ื (ืจื™ื, ื“) ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขืฅ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ (ืžื˜ื•ืช ื') ื•ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•.
ื™ืžืœื ื›ื•ืกื• ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžื™ืฅ ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš:
ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึธืคึถืŸ


ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ืœื‘
ื™ื’) ื™ึทืจึฐื›ึผึดื‘ึตื”ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึธืžึณืชึตื™ ืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึทื™ึผืื›ึทืœ ืชึผื ื•ึผื‘ึนืช ืฉื‚ึธื“ึธื™ ื•ึทื™ึผึตื ึดืงึตื”ื•ึผ ื“ึฐื‘ึทืฉื ืžึดืกึผึถืœึทืข ื•ึฐืฉืึถืžึถืŸ ืžึตื—ึทืœึฐืžึดื™ืฉื ืฆื•ึผืจ:
(ื™ื“) ื—ึถืžึฐืึทืช ื‘ึผึธืงึธืจ ื•ึทื—ึฒืœึตื‘ ืฆึนืืŸ ืขึดื ื—ึตืœึถื‘ ื›ึผึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึตื™ืœึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธืฉืึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ืขึดื ื—ึตืœึถื‘ ื›ึผึดืœึฐื™ื•ึนืช ื—ึดื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึฐื“ึทื ืขึตื ึธื‘ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื—ึธืžึถืจ:

ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืคืจืง ื”
(ื”) ื•ึทื™ึผึตืฉืึถื‘ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืœึธื‘ึถื˜ึทื— ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึผึทื—ึทืช ื’ึผึทืคึฐื ื•ึน ื•ึฐืชึทื—ึทืช ืชึผึฐืึตื ึธืชื•ึน ืžึดื“ึผึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ื‘ึผึฐืึตืจ ืฉืึธื‘ึทืข ื›ึผึนืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืฉืึฐืœึนืžึนื”:


ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฆื•ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™
ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื•ืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื˜ื•ืœ ืœืš ื—ืžืฉื™ื ื–ื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืš ืืฆืœื™ื ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื’ืคืŸ ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืคื” ืœื™ ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืœื™ ืฉืœืฉ ื“ื™ืคืจื™ืื•ืช (ืคืขืžื™ื) ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื•ืฉืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช, ื•ืฉื ื™ื” ืžืืชื™ื ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืžื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื–ื” ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื ื™ืกื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ.


ื–ื™ืช
ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžืœื” "ืืจืฅ" ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจื™ื“, ื), ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœ"ืืจืฅ" ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ - ืคืจื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคืจื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ (ื”ื’ืจ"ืž ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืžื•ื‘ื 'ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ืขืžื•ื“ 124).
ื™ืงื— ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื (ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืœืŸ) ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš:
ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื‘ึผื•ึนืจึตื ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ:

ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ืžื
(ื™ื˜) ืึถืชึผึตืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ืึถืจึถื– ืฉืึดื˜ึผึธื” ื•ึทื”ึฒื“ึทืก ื•ึฐืขึตืฅ ืฉืึธืžึถืŸ ืึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืขึฒืจึธื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืจื•ึนืฉื ืชึผึดื“ึฐื”ึธืจ ื•ึผืชึฐืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึผึธื•:



ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืคืจืง ืœื
(ื™ื) ื•ึผื‘ึธืื•ึผ ื•ึฐืจึดื ึผึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึดืžึฐืจื•ึนื ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื ึธื”ึฒืจื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื˜ื•ึผื‘ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึธื’ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึนืฉื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฆึฐื”ึธืจ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ืฆึนืืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึธืงึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื ื›ึผึฐื’ึทืŸ ืจึธื•ึถื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ื•ึนืกึดื™ืคื•ึผ ืœึฐื“ึทืึฒื‘ึธื” ืขื•ึนื“:

ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื–ืืช-ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืจืžื– ืชืชืงืกื‘
ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื ืฆืจื›ื• ืื ืฉื™ ืœื•ื“ืงื™ื ืœืฉืžืŸ ืžื™ื ื• ืœื”ื ืคื•ืœืžืจื›ื•ืก (ืžืžื•ื ื”) ืื—ื“. ืืžืจื• ืœื• - ืœืš ื•ืงื— ืœื ื• ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžืื” ืจื‘ื•ื... ื”ืœืš ืœื’ื•ืฉ ื—ืœื‘, ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžืื” ืจื‘ื•ื (ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ) ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš. ืืžืจื• ืœื• - ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืคืœื•ื ื™, ื”ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื‘ืงืฉื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื•. ืืžืจื• ืœื•: ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื“ื”. ื”ืœืš ื•ืžืฆืื•, ืฉืขื•ื–ืง (ืขื•ื“ืจ) ืชื—ืช ื”ื–ื™ืช , ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžืื” ืจื‘ื•ื ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš, ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ื”ืžืชืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืื’ืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื™ืช ื•ืื‘ื•ื. ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืงืจื ืœืฉืคื—ืชื• ืืžืจ ืœื” ื‘ื•ืื™ ื•ืจื—ืฆื™ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•, ืžืœืืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ืจื—ืฆื” ืœื”ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืจื’ืœื•... ืขืžื“ ื•ืžื“ื“ ืœื• ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžืื” ืจื‘ื•ื. ืืžืจ ืœื• - ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืฉื•ื‘ (ืขื•ื“)? ืืžืจ ืœื• - ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžืขื•ืช. ืืžืจ ืœื• - ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืื ื™ ืื‘ื•ื ืขืžืš ื•ืื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืžืขื•ืชื™. ืขืžื“ ื•ืžื“ื“ ืœื• ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืจื‘ื•ื, ืืžืจื• - ืœื ื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ืœื ื—ืžืจ ื•ืœื ื’ืžืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ืžืฉื›ื• ืขืžื•.


ืชืžืจ - (ื“ื‘ืฉ)
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื›ื•
(ื) ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธื” ื•ึดื™ืจึดืฉืึฐืชึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ:
(ื‘) ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืžึตืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืชึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึตืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื ึนืชึตืŸ ืœึธืšึฐ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึทื˜ึผึถื ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื‘ึฐื—ึทืจ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืœึฐืฉืึทื›ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึธื:
(ื’) ื•ึผื‘ึธืืชึธ ืึถืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึนื”ึตืŸ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื‘ึผึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ื”ึธื”ึตื ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐืชึผึธ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื”ึดื’ึผึทื“ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืœึทื™ื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึธืืชึดื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึดืฉืึฐื‘ึผึทืข ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืœึทืึฒื‘ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึธืชึถืช ืœึธื ื•ึผ:...:
(ื—) ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฆึดืึตื ื•ึผ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืžึดืžึผึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื“ ื—ึฒื–ึธืงึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืจึนืขึท ื ึฐื˜ื•ึผื™ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืจึธื ื’ึผึธื“ึนืœ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึนืชื•ึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืคึฐืชึดื™ื:
(ื˜) ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึดืึตื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึธืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืชึผึถืŸ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ืึถืจึถืฅ ื–ึธื‘ึทืช ื—ึธืœึธื‘ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืฉื :
(ื™) ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผึธื” ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึธื” ืœึผึดื™ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึผึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉืึฐืชึผึทื—ึฒื•ึดื™ืชึธ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ:
(ื™ื) ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื˜ึผื•ึนื‘ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึฐืšึธ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึถืšึธ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึตื•ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ึทื’ึผึตืจ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื‘ึผึฐืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผึถืšึธ: ืก


ืกืคืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื™ืกืงื ืœื– ื“"ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื
ื ื—ืœืช ืฆื‘ื™, ืžื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ื” ืงืœ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื” ื›ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื•ืช. ืžื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ื” ืงืœ ืœืื›ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื” ื›ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืœื™ื ืœืื›ืœ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช, ืื™ ืงืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื• ืฉืžื ื™ื ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ - ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ, ืฉืžื ื™ื ื›ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื›ื“ื‘ืฉ .


ืชืื ื”
ื™ื•ืืœ ืคืจืง ื‘
(ื›ื) ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึฐืึดื™ ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ื’ึผึดื™ืœึดื™ ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึธื—ึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื”ึดื’ึฐื“ึผึดื™ืœ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช:
(ื›ื‘) ืึทืœ ืชึผึดื™ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื”ึฒืžื•ึนืช ืฉื‚ึธื“ึทื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื“ึธืฉืึฐืื•ึผ ื ึฐืื•ึนืช ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึผึธืจ ื›ึผึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื ึธืฉื‚ึธื ืคึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืชึผึฐืึตื ึธื” ื•ึธื’ึถืคึถืŸ ื ึธืชึฐื ื•ึผ ื—ึตื™ืœึธื:
(ื›ื“) ื•ึผืžึธืœึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึทื’ึผึณืจึธื ื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึธืจ ื•ึฐื”ึตืฉืึดื™ืงื•ึผ ื”ึทื™ึฐืงึธื‘ึดื™ื ืชึผึดื™ืจื•ึนืฉื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื”ึธืจ:

ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืกื›ืช ืคื™ืื” ืคืจืง ื– ื“ืฃ ื› ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ /ื”"ื’
ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกื™ื›ื ื™ืŸ ืขืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ืœื ื• ื’ืจื•ื’ืจื•ืช (ืชืื ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช) ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช, ืขืœื”, ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืฉ. ืืžืจ ืœื• - ืื‘ื, ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืฉ ื”ื™ื. ืืžืจ ืœื• - ื”ืฉืงืข ื™ื“ื™ืš ื•ืืช ืžืขืœื” ื’ืจื•ื’ืจื•ืช. ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ืŸ ืขืœื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ืœื ื• ื’ืจื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืขืœื” ื•ืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืฆืฃ ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืฉ.

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื (ื‘ื•ื‘ืจ) ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฆื•ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™
ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจ' ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืชื—ืช ืชืื ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืื ื” ืžืœืื” ืชืื ื™ื ื™ืคื•ืช, ื™ืจื“ ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืื ื™ื ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื•ื— ืžื’ื‘ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืคืจ, ื‘ืืชื” ืขื– ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื˜ืคืช ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืงืจื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ืจืื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืŸ.

ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
ืขืžื•ืก ืคืจืง ื˜
(ื™ื’) ื”ึดื ึผึตื” ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึผึธืึดื™ื ื ึฐืึปื ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ื•ึฐื ึดื’ึผึทืฉื ื—ื•ึนืจึตืฉื ื‘ึผึทืงึผึนืฆึตืจ ื•ึฐื“ึนืจึตืšึฐ ืขึฒื ึธื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืžึนืฉืึตืšึฐ ื”ึทื–ึผึธืจึทืข ื•ึฐื”ึดื˜ึผึดื™ืคื•ึผ ื”ึถื”ึธืจึดื™ื ืขึธืกึดื™ืก ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึฐื‘ึธืขื•ึนืช ืชึผึดืชึฐืžื•ึนื’ึทื’ึฐื ึธื”:
(ื™ื“) ื•ึฐืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืช ืขึทืžึผึดื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื•ึผ ืขึธืจึดื™ื ื ึฐืฉืึทืžึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึธื‘ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื ึธื˜ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึฐืจึธืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฉืึธืชื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ึตื™ื ึธื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื’ึทื ึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ื”ึถื:
(ื˜ื•) ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึดื ึผึธืชึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึตืขึทืœ ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื“ึนื•ึธื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ:

ืžืฉื ื” ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืคืจืง ื’
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืื“ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื“ื”ื• ื•ืจื•ืื” ืชืื ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืจื” ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ืจ ืจืžื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ืจ ืงื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ื’ืžื™ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืืœื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื... ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื”ืชืื ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื’ืจื•ื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืฆืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืงืจื ื™ื• ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ืขื˜ืจืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื”ื—ืœื™ืœ ืžื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืขื˜ืจื• ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื”ื.


ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช
"ื”ืžื’ื™ื“" (ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ื•ืกืฃ)
ื“ืข ืœืš, ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ื›ืžื” ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืืจืฅ, ืืœื ืฉื‘ืจื‘ ืจื—ืžื™ื• ื•ื—ืกื“ื™ื•, ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื, ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืฉืœื— ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืกื ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช.
ื•ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืกืชื›ืœื• "ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื”ื™ื" ื•ื’ื•' ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืขืฅ, ื•ืจืžื– ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืกืคืจื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ืกืคื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื•.
("ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจื™ื" ืคืจืฉืช "ืฉืœื— ืœืš", ืžืชื•ืจื’ื)


ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ (ืœืจ' ื™ื•ืืœ ืกื™ืจืงื™ืก)
ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื ืฉืคืข ื‘ื” ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืคืขืช ื’ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืืžืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืžืกืขื™ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”: ืœื“) "ื•ืœื ืชื˜ืžื ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”, ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื“' ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ...ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื™ื—ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื–ื• (ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ) "ื•ื ืื›ืœ ืžืคืจื™ื” ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื”" ื›ื™ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืื ื• ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื˜ื”ืจืชื”, ื•ื ืฉื‘ืข ืžื˜ื•ื‘ืชื”.

(ื‘"ื— ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจ"ื—)

ืจ' ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืจืกืœื‘
ืขืงืจ ืฉื‘ื— ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฉื‘ื—ืช ืื•ืชื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื–ื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ ื•ื“ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืชื‘ื—ื” ื‘ื”ื ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืงืจ ื”ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืฉื ืฉื•ืคืข ืฉืคืข ื ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฉ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื–ื” ืฉืจืฉ ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืชื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ืงื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื–ื›ื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื›ืœื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืื›ืœ. ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื‘ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื ื•ืจืื” ืžืื“, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื ืขื ื”' ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœื•. ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื ืชืื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืฉื•ืงืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื ืขื ื”'.

(ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืœื›ื” ื“, ืื•ืช ื’)

ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื”
"ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ื“.) 'ื•ื›ื™ ืžืฉื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืคืจื™ื” ื•ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš', ืื ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื— ื•ื—ื›ืžื” , ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• (ื‘"ื‘ ืงื ื—:) ื‘ืื•ื™ืจื ื“ืžื—ื›ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื—ื ื ื”ืืจื™ืš ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื“. ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœ.) ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžื•ืคืœื’ืช ื“ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื›ื™ ืื›ืœื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ, ืฉื ืจืืช ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื•ื–ืžื, ืื‘ืœ ื—"ื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื ื•ืชื, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื"ื™ ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•. ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื— ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” , ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ื...".
ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื” ืœื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื‘"ืฅ (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืจื—)

ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืœื‘ ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืฆื”
ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืฉื
ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืื›ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ.
ื•ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืขืœื”
ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ืขืœ ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ
ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ืฆืคื™ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,
ื”ื‘ืื” ืชื›ืฃ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืžืขื“ื ืช ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ
ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.


ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ:
ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื:
ืื›ืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช:
ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธื”:
ืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ:
ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ:
ืื›ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื:
ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ:
ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“:
ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึธืขึตืฅ:
ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืชึผึฐื ื•ึผื‘ึทืช ื”ึทืฉึผื‚ึธื“ึถื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืึถืจึถืฅ ื—ึถืžึฐื“ึผึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ึธื” ื•ึผืจึฐื—ึธื‘ึธื” ืฉืึถืจึธืฆึดื™ืชึธ ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึฐื—ึทืœึฐืชึผึธ ืœึทืึฒื‘ื•ึนืชึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ืžึดืคึผึดืจึฐื™ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืœึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผื•ึนืขึท ืžึดื˜ึผื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ, ืจึทื—ึตื (ื ึธื) ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืžึดืฉืึฐื›ึผึทืŸ ื›ึผึฐื‘ื•ึนื“ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึผึฐื—ึถืšึธ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึตื™ื›ึธืœึถืšึธ, ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื” ื™ึฐืจื•ึผืฉืึธืœึทื™ึดื ืขึดื™ืจ ื”ึทืงึผึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึผึดืžึฐื”ึตืจึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธืžึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœึตื ื•ึผ ืœึฐืชื•ึนื›ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึทืžึผึฐื—ึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื ึนืื›ึทืœ ืžึดืคึผึดืจึฐื™ึผึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดืฉื‚ึฐื‘ึผึทืข ืžึดื˜ึผื•ึผื‘ึธื”ึผ ื•ึผื ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ืขึธืœึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึผึดืงึฐื“ึปืฉึผืึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื˜ึธื”ึณืจึธื”:
ื‘ืฉื‘ืช - ื•ึผืจึฐืฆึตื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึฒืœึดื™ืฆึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึทื‘ึผึธืช ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”:
ื›ึผึดื™ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื•ึผืžึตื˜ึดื™ื‘ ืœึทื›ึผึนืœ ื•ึฐื ื•ึนื“ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ:
ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ - ืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธืชึธื”ึผ:
ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ - ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื’ึผึทืคึฐื ึธื”ึผ:
ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ - ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ:
ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ - ืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธืชึธื”ึผ: ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื’ึผึทืคึฐื ึธื”ึผ: ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ:
ื”ึทืžึผึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธื”:
ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ:
ื”ึทืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช:
ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช - ื”ึทืžึผึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธื”:ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ: ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช:
ื‘ึผึธืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื”, ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ:
ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ - ืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธืชึธื”ึผ (ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธืชึธื”ึผ):
ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ - ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื’ึผึทืคึฐื ึธื”ึผ:
ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจ - ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ:
ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื—ื“ - ืžึดื—ึฐื™ึธืชึธื”ึผ (ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธืชึธื”ึผ): ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื’ึผึทืคึฐื ึธื”ึผ: ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึตืจื•ึนืชึถื™ื”ึธ:
ื”ึทืžึผึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” (ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธื”(
ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ:
ื”ึทืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช:
ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช - ื”ึทืžึผึดื—ึฐื™ึธื” (ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื›ึผึทืœึฐื›ึผึธืœึธื”):ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึผึถืคึถืŸ: ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทืคึผึตืจื•ึนืช:

ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืฉืžืขืœ ื ื•ืกื— ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืชื” - ืงืžื— ื"ื™ (ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื). ื•ื‘ืงืžื— ื—ื•"ืœ (ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืžื— ื"ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื).
ื”ืขืจื”: ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ืžื“.) ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืื•"ื— ืจื—, ื™) ื ื–ื›ืจ ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืฉืžืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื 'ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”'. ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงืžื— ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื - ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื—, ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืคืืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื•ืกื™ืขืชื ืคืกืงื• ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื 'ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ืชื”', ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจื"ื”, ื”ืื“ืจ"ืช ื•ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืคืกืงื• ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื 'ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”', ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ืžื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžืขืฉื” - ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ืชื”' (ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ืž ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ). ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”', ืื•ืœื ื”ืจื‘ ื˜ื™ืงื•ืฆ'ื™ื ืกืงื™ (ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืขืž' ืฉืžื’) ืžืขื™ื“ ืฉืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš 'ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ืชื”'.
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il