ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื
  • ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
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9 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 39 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื˜ืขืžื”
ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉืชืžืœื™ื˜ ื–ื›ืจ ืžื”ืจื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื‘): "ืงึทื“ึผึถืฉื ืœึดื™ ื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึฐื›ื•ึนืจ ืคึผึถื˜ึถืจ ื›ึผึธืœ ืจึถื—ึถื ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึผึธืึธื“ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึทื‘ึผึฐื”ึตืžึธื” ืœึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื".
ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื—, ื˜ื•): "ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ื™ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ื•ึผ ืœึทื”'", ืขืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื”' ื—ืœื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ. ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื”: ืฉื•ืจ, ื›ื‘ืฉ ื•ืขื–.
ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ืื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื, ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื”ื• ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”; ื•ืื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื• ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ื›ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื•, ื).
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื–ื• ื ืขืœืžืช ื•ืžื•ืกืชืจืช, ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืœื ืืฃ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ื”ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื• ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืืฆืœ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื•ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื–ื‘ื—, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื ืกืชืจืช ื•ื”ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื’ืžื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชื™, ื™ืฉื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืคืœืื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ื˜ืคื— ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉืžืจืžื– ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื”' ืคืจืง ืœ"ื—; ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืœื•). 1
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœื”', ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื”'. ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืžืœื˜ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืžืชื•, ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืžืœื™ื˜ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจื• ื™ืจื‘ื”, ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืฉื”' ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื›ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื• ื‘ืืœืงื™ื, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ืฉืจื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืขืฆืžื, ื•ืฉืคืจืขื” ืžืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ, ื•ืžืขืœื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื›ืคืจื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ, ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืขื ืฉื• ื‘ืžื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื›ื”ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื—ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื ืงื‘ืขืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื’ืžืชื• ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื•ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.

ื‘ - ืคืจื˜ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”
ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”. ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืœื”'. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืชืžื™ื, ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”. ื•ืื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื—ืชื›ื” ืื•ื–ื ื• - ื ืคืกืœ ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื˜ืžื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืžื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื–, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช.
ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื—ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืจ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืžื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืžืœื™ื˜ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืงื‘ื” ืื• ืฉื”ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื”, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืžืœื™ื˜ื” ื–ื›ืจ - ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืื• ืœื•ื™ ืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืœื ืฉืื ื‘ื”ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจ - ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ืื ื‘ื”ืžืช ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืžืคืจื™ืฉื• ืžืฉืืจ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื• ืืฆืœื• ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื•. ืืœื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉื”ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืฆืœื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœ ืžืขื˜, ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉ ื•ืขื– ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืจ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื—"ื› ื ื•ืชื ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ื•ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืžืฆื ื›ื”ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื›ื”ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื•, ื‘). ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืงืจื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืŸ ืฉื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•, ื›): "ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืชึนืื›ึฒืœึถื ึผื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ึธื” ื‘ึฐืฉืึธื ึธื”". ื•ื’ื ืื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื•, ื–).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื—ืจื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื’ื–ื•ื– ืฆืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื’ื–ื– - ื”ืฆืžืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืคืœ ืžื•ื ื‘ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื•ืฉื—ื˜ื•ื”ื• ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื”ืฆืžืจ ืฉืขืœ ืขื•ืจื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื—, ื).

ื’ - ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ืจื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ืฉื™ืคืกืœื ื• ืžืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืื– ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื• ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื•. ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ื˜ืจื—ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ืกืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœื• ื™ึตืจืื” ื›ืžื‘ื–ื” ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืกื’ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืจืขื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืฆืง ืขืœ ืื•ื–ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื•ื™ื ืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืขื ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื’ื•ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžื•ื (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื™ื’, ื-ื’). ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•. ื•ืื ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ืžืขืฆืžื• - ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื ื•, ื•ืื ืœื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ืื– ื™ืงื‘ืจื ื•, ืฉื‘ืฉืจื• ื•ืขื•ืจื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื˜, ื).
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื ืคืœ ืžื•ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื•, ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืžื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžื•ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื™ื“ ืฉื”ืžื•ื ื ืคืœ ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื“, ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ื (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื™ื“, ื).
ื•ืื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื - ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื ืœืžื•ืžื—ื” ื”ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ืžืจืื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ืื ืคืกืงื• ืฉื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ืชืจืคื - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื˜, ื‘).
ื•ืื ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ื•ืฉื—ื˜ื• ื‘ืœื ืœื”ืจืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื›ื, ื‘ืฉืจื• ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืืžืจ ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ืจืื”ื• ืœื—ื›ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” - ืงื ืกื•ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืจื• ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื™, ื; ื˜"ื– ื).

ื“ - ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื’ื•ื™ ืคื•ื˜ืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžืงื“ื•ืฉื”
ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื, ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื - ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื’ื•ื™, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆืžืจื• ื•ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ืจื‘, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช. ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืžื™ืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื—ืจื‘, ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื, ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื, ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจื. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืœื ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ื ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืœื ืชืžื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ื™ืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื• ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื•ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืขื“ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืžืคืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื”ื ืื” ืžื‘ื›ื•ืจ (ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื’, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›, ื•).
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื™ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ื ื˜ืœ - ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ืชืžื•ืช ืื• ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื•ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ืื• ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืฉื˜ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืื• ืืช ืื•ื–ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ ืฉื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›, ื“).
ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืฉื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืชืขืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืกืฃ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืœืชืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื•ืชื ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ืคืฅ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ึทืงื ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•, ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื ื• ืชื. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจืงืข ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื’ื•ื™, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื• ืื™ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ื—ืฆืจ, ืงื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›, ื•).
ื•ืื ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื’ื•ื™ ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง, ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืœื›ื•ืชื ื“ื™ื ื", ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ืŸ (ื›ื ืกืช ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื™"ื“; ื—ืช"ืก ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื™"ื“). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—"ื‘ ืง"ื–).
ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื•, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืงืฉื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืžื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืื ื™ืกืจื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืžื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉืื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืžื›ืจ ืืช ื‘ื”ืžืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืžืœื™ื˜ ืœื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืขืจ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื•ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื• ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ (ืจืž"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื•, ื“).
ื•ืื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืฉืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืจืฉืœ ื•ืœื ืžื›ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื”ืžืชื• ืœื’ื•ื™, ืืš ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื: ื”ืื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื•, ืื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคืฉืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžื›ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื”ืžืชื• ืœื’ื•ื™, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• (ื—ืช"ืก ืฉ"ื‘, ืคืช"ืฉ ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื•, ื‘, ื’).

ื” - ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื™ื’): "ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ืคึผึถื˜ึถืจ ื—ึฒืžึนืจ ืชึผึดืคึฐื“ึผึถื” ื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึถื”, ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ืชึดืคึฐื“ึผึถื” ื•ึทืขึฒืจึทืคึฐืชึผื•ึน".
ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืช ืจื—ื ืื™ืžื•, ื•ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืžื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื”, ื•ืื– ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืคื•ืงืขืช, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื•ื’ื ื”ืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ืืœื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชื ื• ืœืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื—ืคื•ืฅ.
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืคื“ื• ืื•ืชื•, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื•, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืขืจื•, ื•ืื ืฉืขืจื• ื”ืกืชื‘ืš ื•ืžืฆื™ืง ืœื—ืžื•ืจ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื•, ืืš ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›ื, ื˜).
ื•ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืจื›ื• ื›ืขืจืš ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ. ืฉืื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืกืœืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื• ืขืฉืจื” ืกืœืขื™ื. ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื”, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืกืœืข ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืกืœืขื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›ื, ื”).
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉื” ืœืฉื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ". ื•ืื—"ื› ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ.
ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ืืฆืœื•, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืจื•ืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื™ื’): "ื•ึฐืึดื ืœึนื ืชึดืคึฐื“ึผึถื” ื•ึทืขึฒืจึทืคึฐืชึผื•ึน". ื”ืขืจื™ืคื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกื›ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ. ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื” ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›ื, ื™ื‘; ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืฉื›ื, ื‘).
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื’ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: ื‘ืื“ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืœืงืจื‘ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื›ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืื™ื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืžืื•ืช. ื•ืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื“ื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื ื• ืฉืื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ืืœื ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื–ื• ื ืกืชืจืช ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช. ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืืœื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• ื•ืœื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื• ืžืชื ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'. ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืžืชื’ืœื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืื—"ื›, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืื•ืช, ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'.
ื•ืœืžื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื? ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืฉืืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจื ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ. ื•ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื”ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•. ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื”, ื‘).
ืขื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืจื•ืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื• 'ื—ืžื•ืจ' ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื ืžืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช - ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืจืžื–ื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื—, ื) ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืจื›ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื.

^ 1. ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ืงื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.

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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื•
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื•

    ืื“ืจ ื' ืชืฉืข"ื
  • ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืจ

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื‘
ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il