ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืœืื•ืจื•
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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3 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ื—ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืช ืืกืชืจ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืจื’ืข, ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™, ืื– ืžื” ืื ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื•ืžื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื“ืขืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ื™. ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืžื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื ืœื‘ื“. ื ืจืื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื, ืœืžืงืจื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื: "ื”ื ื ื™ ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืคืจืกืžืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจื•ื”ื• ืข"ื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.. ื–ื” ื ื“ืจื™ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื–ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™. ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’. ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืืš ืขืชื” ืจืื” ืžื” ืžึฐื”ื•ึผืœึธึผืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื’ื ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”." ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืงืคืœืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื–ื• ืœื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื•. ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืืœื”. ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืข"ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื• ื“ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื—ืงืจื•. ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืงืคืœืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื•:
"ื”ื ื ื™ ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืคืจืกืžืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื™ื›ื™ืจื•ื”ื• ืข"ื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.. ื–ื” ื ื“ืจื™ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื–ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™. ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’. ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืืš ืขืชื” ืจืื” ืžื” ืžึฐื”ื•ึผืœึธึผืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื’ื ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”." ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื›ื•ื ืช ืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืขื ื•ื•ื”, "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ืš: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื ื• ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื ื• ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื ื• ืœืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื— ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืื ื•."

ืื– ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ืื™ืฉ? ื™ื•ึนื”ึทื ึถืก ืงึถืคึถึผืœึถืจ (Kepler 1571-1630) ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืžื™ืžื™ื™ื. ืงืคืœืจ ื™ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืกืคืจื™ื• ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ 'ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ื ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื: "ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ ืžืขืœืชื• ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืš ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืจื ืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™ื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ื• ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืœื›ืช ื™ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืงืคืœืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืฉื™ืจ ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘:
"ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžืœื›ื ื•. ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ืงืฅ ืœื—ื›ืžืชื•. ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืœืœื•ื”ื• ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื™ืจื— ื•ืื™ืชื ื”ืžื–ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืจื›ื™ ื ืคืฉื™ ืื•ืชื•, ืืช ืžืœื›ื™, ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืฉืžืชื™ ื‘ื™, ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ื•, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืœ ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื“ืข. ืœื• ื”ืฉื‘ื—, ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชืคืืจืช ืžืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื."
ืืœื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืฉื•ืชื• ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”. ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื ืœืขื’ ืœืฉื•ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ ื•ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืคืœืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืœืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” 'ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”'.
ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื• 'ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื', ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ 'ืฉืœื ื•' ืขื ืงื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื“ืข ืฉื›ืืœื”? ืœืžื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืจืื•ื™? ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:10-15% ืžื›ืœืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืงืคืœืจ. ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ, ืžืฉื ืชื ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›'ืืœ-ื›ื™ืžื™ื”' ืื• ื›'ืžืขืฉื” ื›ืฉืคื™ื' ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืื• ืฉืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืœืžื“ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืงืคืœืจ, ืื•ื™ื™ืœืจ, ืคืœื ืง ืื• ืžืงืกื•ื•ืืœ? ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื—ืœืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช?

ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœ 'ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™' ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ 'ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ' (ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื, ืกืขื™ืฃ ืฆ'): "ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™,ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื“ ืื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืช."
ืื ื›ืŸ, ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ืœืœื•? ื”ืื ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื›ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื ื” ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ?
ื•ื˜ืจื ื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื˜ืืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืชืคืฉื™ื, ืจืง ื ืจืžื•ื– ื›ื™ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืชื•ืจืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช, ืžืงืกื•ื•ืืœ, ืืžืคืจ, ืคืจื“ื™ื™ ื•ื’ืื•ืก, ื’ืื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืœื, ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื. ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ื•ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืžืคืจ? ื›ืžื” ื–ืจื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื ื•ืจื”. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ. ืืช ื–ืจื ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื”ืžื˜ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืžื“ืข ื•ืœืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.
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ื”ืจื‘ ื“"ืจ ื’ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ื˜ืœ

  • "ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืชืคืืจืช ืžืขืฉื™ืš"
    ืœืื•ืจื•

    "ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืืช ืชืคืืจืช ืžืขืฉื™ืš"

    ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 113

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค
  • ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื›ืœ
    ืœืื•ืจื•

    ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื›ืœ

    ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 111

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืค
  • ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ืข
    ืœืื•ืจื•

    ื‘ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ืข

    ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ 112

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืค
ืœืื•ืจื•
ืœืื•ืจื•
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื•ืฉืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช
    1:03
    ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš - ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•

    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื– โ€“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ืœืš ืœืš

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 623

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื

    ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืชื•ืจื” - ื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื | ืœื”ืงื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” โ€“ ืจืง ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื | ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” | ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” | ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื•ืจื”

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื
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    ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš โ€“ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื

    ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืคืงื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื—ื™ ื–ืื’ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš ืชืฉืคื–

    ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื— ื”ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื”. ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืชื ื’ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ื ืœืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืœืžื” ืฉืืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ึทึผืžึธึผื” ืึตื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืจึธืฉึถืื ึธึผื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืช. ืื™ืš ืžืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืกื• ื–) ืื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืงืœืงืœ ื•ื ืžืฆื ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืžืืžืจ ืœืš ืœืš ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” - ืขืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื’

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื™' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
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    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
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    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?
    ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืค"ื–

    ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืจืช | ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื‘

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
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    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il