ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”
  • ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
1667
28 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืช ืฆื‘ื™ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื”, ื”ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื”ืœืœ ืœื”', ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื“ืœื• ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืื™ืœืš. ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื›ื’-ื›ื”): "ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื•ึทืขึฒืจึทืœึฐืชึผึถื ืขึธืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน ืึถืช ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน, ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืขึฒืจึตืœึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ. ื•ึผื‘ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดืช ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึดืœึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื ืœึทื”'. ื•ึผื‘ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดืช ืชึผึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืœึธื›ึถื ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชื•ึน, ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื".
'ืขืจืœื”' ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืื˜ื™ืžื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืจืœ ืœื‘ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื“, ื˜) ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื™ื‘ื• ืื˜ื•ื, ืขืจืœ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื•, ื™) ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืื•ื–ื ื™ื• ืื˜ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืœืฉืžื•ืข, ื•ืขืจืœ ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื•, ื™ื‘) ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉืฉืคืชื™ื• ืื˜ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืœื“ื‘ืจ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ื•, ืฉืœื ื ืื›ืœื ื•ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื).
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื›ื’): "ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื". ื•ืืฃ ืขืฅ ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื ื˜ืข ื‘ืฉื“ื”ื• ืžืื– ื•ืื™ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื” ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื): "ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืฅ ืฉื ื˜ืข ื’ื•ื™ (ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื).
ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื ื•ื”ื’ ืž'ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™', ื•ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืฉืกืคืง ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืžื•ืชืจ (ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืจืœื” ื’, ื–; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื˜, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื—, ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื). ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื’ื ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ืจื•ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื•ืœื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชื—ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘, ื‘, 2; ื™ื–). 1
ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ื™ื™ื—ื•ืจ, ืžืขืช ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ืฉื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื“ ื™ื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื).

ื‘ - ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”' ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ, ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ืœืœ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”' ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืœืœ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”', ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืืกืจื” ืื•ืชื ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืช ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื”ืœืœ ืœื”' ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš, ื ื•ืขื ื”' ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืื›ื™ืœืชื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืชืขื ื™ืง ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ืฆื•ื•ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื—ืœื” ื•ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื– (ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืฉื; ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจืžื•-ืจืžื–).
ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืื™ืคื•ืง, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืืคืง ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื“ื ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉืงื™ื“ื”, ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคืจื ืกืชื•, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืคืง, ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆืจื ื•ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื–ืžื ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืงืฉืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืœืฉื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื ืืžืŸ, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืคืง, ื ื’ืจืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆืจื ืœืงืฉืจื™ื ืกื•ืขืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ืืžืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืคืง ืžืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืืช ื›ืกืคื ืขืœ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื›ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื™ืงืจื” ืžื›ืคื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื›ืกืฃ
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื–ืงื ื•ืชื. ื’ื ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ื—ื˜ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืชืืคืง ืžืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ื•ื’ืจื ื‘ื›ืš ืžื™ืชื” ืœื• ื•ืœืฆืืฆืื™ื•. ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื”, ืœื•ืžื“ ื”ืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื, ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื• ื•ืœื”ืชืืคืง. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื›ื”, ื‘): "ืžื™ ื™ื’ืœื” ืขืคืจ ืžืขื™ื ื™ืš ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืš ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ืš ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืขืจืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื" (ืขื™' ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื›ื”, ื‘).
ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ืœื ื”ืื™ืคื•ืง ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื“ื‘ื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ื. ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ืฉืื•ื˜ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ. ื•ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื“ืงื” ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื ืชืงื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืืชื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื›ื™ืœืชื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” (ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื—"ื’ ืคื–, ื; ืฉืขืจื™ ืื•ืจื” ืฉืขืจ ื”'; ืคืจื“ืก ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืจ ื›ื”, ื–).

ื’ - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื”
ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืชื ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืœืฉื ื–ื™ื‘ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื–ื™ื‘ื•ืœ. ื’ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื“, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื“, ื›ื“; ืคื ื”"ืœ ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื“, ื™ื‘). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื—, ื–). 2
ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ืฉื”ื•ืคืง ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”. ื•ื”ื‘ื’ื“ ืฉื ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื•ืจืคื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืจืœื” ื’, ื; ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื ื•, ื‘). ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื•ืจืคื ืื• ืœืื‘ื“ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืฉืชืžื ืข ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื. ื•ืื ืืคืฉืจ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืขืฅ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ื. 3
ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆื•ืžื— ืขื ื”ืคืจื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ ื•ืงืœื™ืคืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ืฅ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžื ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืฅ ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืจื™ ื•ื ืงืจื ืกืžื“ืจ - ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืกืจ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืจื™ ื•ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื” (ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจืœื” ื, ื–-ื˜; ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื-ื‘). 4
ืืกื•ืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืข ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืคืจื™ ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฆืžื— ืžืžื ื• ืขืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ืขื ืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืขืจืœื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื” ื‘ืขืฅ (ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจืœื” ื, ื˜). ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืฉืชืœ ืคืจื™ ืขืจืœื”, ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ืฉื›ืœืœ ื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•: "ื–ื” ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื - ืžื•ืชืจ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืขืฅ - ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช, ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื™ื‘).
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื” ื—ืœ ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืฅ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืืžื ื ืœื’ื•ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ืฉืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ืขืฅ ืฉืœื• ืื• ื‘ืขืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื” ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืฉืœื• ืœื’ื•ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืœื’ื•ื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœื ืœื—ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ื (ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื—, ื˜ื–).
ืืžื ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืฆืžื•ื—, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื’ื•ื™, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื ืžื”ืขืฅ, ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื•ื”ืขืฅ ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื˜ื•, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื). ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.

ื“ - ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื”
ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืื ื• ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ื, ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ืฉื™ื—ื ื•ื˜ ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื—ื ื˜ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ืขืฅ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•: ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื” (ืจ"ื” ื˜, ื‘ - ื™, ื‘).
ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ: ืื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื›"ื˜ ืื‘, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื“ ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœื• ื›ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”. ืื—"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื—ื ื˜ื• ืžื›ื•ื— ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืฅ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขืจืœื”. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื ื˜ื• ื‘ื• ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืค"ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืจืœื”. ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื ื˜ื• ื‘ื• ืžื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื“ ื•ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื ื˜ื• ื‘ื• ืžื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ. ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืจ ืžืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื™ืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื›"ื˜ ืื‘ ื•ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ืฉื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘. ื•ืื ืฉืชืœื• ืฉืชื™ืœ ืขื ื’ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ ืžืขืช ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื•ืฉืจืฉ ื‘ื”. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื ื™ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืื‘, ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ืฉื ื”.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ืžื™ื•ื ืœ' ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืค"ื, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื‘, ื•ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื”, ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ืคืงืข ืžื”ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ืฉืจืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื‘ืœ' ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื, ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื. 5

ื” - ืขืฅ ืฉื ืขืงืจ ืื• ื ืงืฆืฅ
ืขืฅ ืฉื ืขืงืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื•, ืื ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืื“ืžื”, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื™ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื—ื˜ ืฉื”ืื•ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื•ืžื ื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื–ื”. ื•ืื ืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื›ื–ื”, ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืžื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื™ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื›).
ืขืฅ ืฉืขืงืจืชื• ื”ืจื•ื— ืื• ื ืฉื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื”ืจ, ื•ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื ื•ืชืจ ื’ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืœืงืจืงืข, ืื ื”ืขืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืจืœื”. ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืžื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืจืœื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืขื•ืงืจื• ืขื ื’ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืš ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื’ื•ื–ืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. 6
ืขืฅ ืฉื ืงืฆืฅ ืื• ื ืฉื‘ืจ, ืื ื ืฉืืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื–ืขื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”, ื•ืื ื ืงืฆืฅ ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”. 7

ื• - ื”ึทื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื” ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฆืจื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ 'ื”ึทื‘ึฐืจึธื›ึธื”' ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ื ืขื ืฃ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืžืคื•ืชื— ื•ื˜ื•ืžื ื™ื ืืช ืืžืฆืขื• ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ืจืืฉื• ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืฅ ื”'ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ื™ื•ื ืง ืืช ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืžืคืชื— ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื”ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจืœื”, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ืง ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื’ื ืื ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื‘'ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”', ื”ื•ื ื ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื• ืžื”ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืขืฅ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ืžื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื›ื• ืขืฅ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืจืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ืชื›ื• ืืช ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœ'ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ืื• ืฉื—ืœืง ื–ื” ื”ืชื ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”'ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”' ื‘ืขืจืœื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
ืขืœื• ื ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืกื•ืจื™ื) ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื”ืขืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื” (ื‘"ืž ืงื™ื˜, ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื™, ื™ื˜). ืืžื ื ืื ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื ืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฅ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื• ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืžื’ื–ืขื• ืฉืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง. ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื’ื ื ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื• ื›ืขืฅ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ. 8

ื– - ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืœื•ืช
ืขืฅ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืจืœื”, ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืžืขืœื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ื˜ืจื• ืžืขืจืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฅ ืฉื ื˜ื•ืข ืขืœ ื’ื’ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื’ ืœืงืจืงืข, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ, ื”ื’ื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืขืฅ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื›ื•).
ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ืฉืชื™ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื ืงื•ื‘, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืจืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ืขืฅ ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื—ืจืก ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืขืฅ ื›ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืจืก, ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืžื”ืืจืฅ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฅ ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•. 9
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื”, ืขืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืคืกื“ ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืฆื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืื“ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืžืฆืื• ืœื›ืš ืขืฆื”: ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื ื”ื ืชื•ืคืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืชื ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืื“ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื•ื™ื ื™ื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจื™ื.
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ ืžืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื' ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื ืงื‘ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืื“ืžื”, ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ืงื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 2.5 ืก"ืž. 10 ื‘' ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืžื”ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืœืื“ืžื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฉ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ืชืคืจืง. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื’ื ืื ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ืชืคืจืง, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื’ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฉืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืคืจืง, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื‘ืœื ื”ื ื—ืชื• ื‘ืื“ืžื”, ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื•, ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื 14 ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขืจืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”. 11

ื— - ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืœื”
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืจืœื”. ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฅ ืœื™ืจืง ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™, ืฉื’ื–ืขื• ืฉืœ ื™ืจืง ืจื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื’ื–ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื•ืžืชืขืฆื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืžืžื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืขื ืคื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื™, 'ืขืฅ' ืื• 'ืื“ืžื”'. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื ื” 'ืื“ืžื”', ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื• ืขืฅ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื’ื–ืขื” ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื” ืงืžืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ืžื”ืคืงืขืช ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื™ืจืง (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž, ื; ื›ื’ืื•ื ื™ื; ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืื•"ื— ืจื’, ื‘-ื’; ืคื ื”"ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื—, ื‘). 12
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื•ืคืœืคืœื™ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ืฉืืœื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”. ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืขืฅ, ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืคื•ื—ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืชื, ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืฅ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื›ื’-ื›ื”): "ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื•ึทืขึฒืจึทืœึฐืชึผึถื ืขึธืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน ืึถืช ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืฉืึธืœึนืฉื ืฉืึธื ึดื™ื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืขึฒืจึตืœึดื™ื ืœึนื ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ. ื•ึผื‘ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดืช ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึดืœึผื•ึผืœึดื™ื ืœึทื”'. ื•ึผื‘ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื” ื”ึทื—ึฒืžึดื™ืฉืึดืช ืชึผึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืœึธื›ึถื ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชื•ึน ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื". ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: "ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืชืฉืžืจื•, ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื›ื ืชื‘ื•ืืชื•, ืฉื‘ืฉื›ืจื” ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื›ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื”. ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ: ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข, ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ ืื“ื, ื”ืจื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ: ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืกึดื™ืฃ ืœึธื›ึถื ืชึผึฐื‘ื•ึผืึธืชื•ึน ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”', ืื ื™ ื”' ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ื•ื ืืžืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืค"ื™ ืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ืฉื), ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื”, ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืคืคืื™ื” ื•ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื’ื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืžืขืžื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืชื™ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืคื˜ืœ ื•ืึทืกึฐื ึธื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื”ื, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื”. 13

ื˜ - ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ืฉืœื ืœืฉื ืคื™ืจื•ืช
ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื“ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื—ืœื” ืจืง ืขืœ ืขืฅ ืžืื›ืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื™ื˜, ื›ื’): "ื•ึผื ึฐื˜ึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ื›ึผึธืœ ืขึตืฅ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ - ื•ึทืขึฒืจึทืœึฐืชึผึถื ืขึธืจึฐืœึธืชื•ึน ืึถืช ืคึผึดืจึฐื™ื•ึน". ืืžื ื ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืข ืฉื ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขืฆื™ื”ื ืœืฉืจื™ืคื”. ืื• ืฉื’ื•ื–ืžื™ื ืืช ืขื ืคื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื ื™ื˜ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื• ื›ืงืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื• ืฉืœืคื™ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื ื˜ื™ืขืชื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ื ื™ื˜ืขื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื“ืจ ืœื—ืฆืจ. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืง ืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืœื’ื“ืจ ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื” ื•ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื” (ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืจืœื” ื, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื›ื’). ื•ืื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื, ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืขื™' ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืจืœื” ื, ื). ื•ืื ื ื˜ืข ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื’ื ืœื’ื“ืจ ืื• ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”.
ื”ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ืœืฉื ื ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื–ื™ืชื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”. ืื•ืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื ื™ื˜ืขื• ืœืฉื ื ื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืžืจื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืง. ื•ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื ื•ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”.

ื™ - ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™
ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื–, ื˜-ื™). ืื ืจืฆื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœืื›ืœื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉื™ื™ืจ ืžื”ื ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื” ื•ืคืื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช (ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื”, ื’-ื“; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื-ื“).
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ื˜ื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืคื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืชื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื™, ืืœื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื• ืขืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื: "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ืขื™", ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื: "ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืคื“ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื–ื•", ืื• "ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื–ื” ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”". ื•ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื• ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืฉื• ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ - ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื”ื ื• ื‘ื”ื (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื™, ื˜ื–-ื™ื–). ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื™ื‘ื•ืืจื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™, ื•-ื—). 14
ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื—ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื ื™ ืขืจืœื” ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™, ืฉืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ - ื”ื ืขืจืœื” ื•ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช - ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ืœืงื•ื˜ืคื, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืœืœ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืฉื“ื” ื™ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืคื“ื•ืชื ื›ืฉื”ื ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™. ืœืื—ืจ ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืื›ื™ืœืชื ืขื“ ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืขืจื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืขืจ ืืช ืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช (ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื–; ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื“, ื”).
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ 'ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™' ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืฉื”ืขืจืœื” ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” (ืชืจ"ื™, ืจ"ื™ ื”ื–ืงืŸ). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืจืง ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืžื‘"ื). ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ืœืคื“ื•ืช ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉ"ืš ืจืฆ"ื“ ื™ื–). ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืฉืœื ืœืคื“ื•ืช - ืจืฉืื™, ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืกืคืง ืขืจืœื” ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื›ืš ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™. 15

ื™ื - ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืœื”
ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ืฉื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืคื™ ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืขืจืœื”, ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืืกื•ืจื”. ืฉื›ืš ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืชืจื•ืžื”, ืฉืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื”ื ืื” - ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื‘ืžืื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขืจืœื” ื•ื›ืœืื™ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื” - ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืืชื™ื™ื (ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจืœื” ื‘, ื).
ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืื“ื ืงื ื”, ืื ื”ื ืขืจืœื” ืื• ืœื, ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืกืคืง. ืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื ื• ื‘ืžื˜ืข ืื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื˜ืข, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื™ื ื ืขืจืœื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืฅ ืื• ืœืžื˜ืข ืžืงื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ: "ื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื—ืฆื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืฆื” ื“ืžื™ (ื ื—ืฉื‘)", ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืคืจืฉื• ืžืžืงื•ืžื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืฉื•ืง ืื• ืœื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืง ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ: "ื›ืœ ื“ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืจื•ื‘ื ืคืจื™ืฉ" (ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืคื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ืจื•ื‘).
ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื“ื ืฉืงื ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื“ื™ื ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื˜ืจื—ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ื ื•ืช ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื”. ื•ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืง ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื—ื•ื– ื”ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžื“ืงื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. 16



^ 1.. ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจืœื” ื, ื‘: "ืขืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœืืจืฅ - ืžืฆืื• ื ื˜ื•ืข ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื ื˜ืขื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื›ื‘ืฉื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘". ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ' - ืžื™ื“ ืฉืชื‘ื•ืื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื™, ื˜).
ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืชืงื“ืฉื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืขื ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื•, ืขืจืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื™, ื™ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืœื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืื•" (ืฆืœ"ื— ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื•, ื). ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ืคืกืง ืฉื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื“, ื—; ืจื“ื‘"ื–, ืžื‘ื™"ื˜, ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื, ืžื”ืจื™"ื˜). ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื›ืฆื“ ืœื”ื™ืชืจ (ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ืคืกืงื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื’, ื; ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื•, ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื“).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืคืง ืขืจืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืžื•ืชืจ, ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื•, ื‘): "ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ", ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืงืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฆืœืฃ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื ื ืื• ืืžื•ืจื ืฉืžื™ืงืœ, ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื• (ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื™ื–). ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื˜ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžืงืœื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ.
^ 2.. ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืขืจืœื” ื’, ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›ื, ื‘: ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœึนื ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืขืจืœื”, ืืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ืื”, ืฉืื ื™ืชื™ืจื• ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžื•ื›ืจื ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ื”ื ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื ื‘ืœื” ื•ื˜ืจื™ืคื”, ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ื•ื›"ื› ืจื"ืฉ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื–, ื™ื–). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืื‘ื”ื• ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ื”ื ืื” ื–ื•ืœืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืฉืžืชื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ื•ื›"ื› ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื—, ื˜ื•). ืขื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ืš ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ 'ืขืจืœื”', ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ื ืื” (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›ื‘, ื‘). (ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืœืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื–ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืข"ื– ืžื’, ื‘, 'ืืžืจื• ืœื•', ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™, ื˜).
^ 3.. ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื’, ื‘: "ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืจืคื™ืŸ: ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— - ื™ืฉืจืฃ, ื•ืชืจื•ืžื” ื˜ืžืื”, ื•ื”ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื›ืœืื™ ื”ื›ืจื - ืืช ืฉื“ืจื›ืŸ ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ - ื™ืฉืจื•ืฃ, ื•ืืช ืฉื“ืจื›ืŸ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ - ื™ืงื‘ื•ืจ". ืœืชื•ืก' ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ ื›ืœืื™ ื”ื›ืจื ื•ืขืจืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘, ื˜): "ืคึผึถืŸ ืชึผึดืงึฐื“ึผึทืฉื - ืคืŸ ืชื•ืงื“ ืืฉ" (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื ื•, ื‘). ืžื ื’ื“, ืœืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉืจื™ืคื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืงื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฉืจื•ืฃ. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืจืฆื“, ื’. ื•ื”ื—ืช"ืก ืื•"ื— ืงืค, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื ื™ืฉืจื•ืฃ ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš.
^ 4.. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื™: ื' ืกืžื“ืจ - ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืจื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืขืช ืฉื”ืคืจื— ื ื•ืคืœ ื•ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ืขืชื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื›ืคืจื™. ื‘' ื‘ื•ืกืจ, ืคืจื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขืช ืฉื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืจื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ื’' 'ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืคืจื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื•ืžืื– ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช. ืœืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ืกืžื“ืจ ื—ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืจืง ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืกืจ (ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจืœื” ื, ื–, ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื•, ื‘, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ืขืค"ื™ ืžืฉื ื” (ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื“, ื™), ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืœืงืฆื•ืฅ ืขื ืคื™ ื’ืคืŸ, ื–ื™ืช ื•ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืžืขืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ืกืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ืจืขื•, ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืžืฉื™ื ืฆื•, ื•ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืฉืจืฉืจื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจื“ื‘"ื– (ืฉื•"ืช ื, ืžื“) ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื (ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื™ื’). ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืจืฆื“, ืœื–. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ื›ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžืจื™ื ืืกืจื• ื’ื ืกืžื“ืจ, ืื•ืœื ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื (ืจื“ื‘"ื–). ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื•, ื‘, ืืžืจื• ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉื’ื ืกืžื“ืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ืขืค"ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื (ืขืจืœื” ื’, ื”) ืฉืื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื“ืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขื ื‘ื™ื, ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกืžื“ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืกืจ ืืกื•ืจ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ืืžืจื• ื›ื“ืจืš ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืกืžื“ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ื•ืกืจ ืืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื”, ืฉืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
[ืœืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื: ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื“, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืื—ืจ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื˜ื” ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจื•ื”"ืค ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ื ื˜ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉ, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช (ืคื ื”"ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื’, 6). ืืœื ืฉืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข, ืฉื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืกืจ ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจืœื” ื•ืื™ืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืžื‘"ื (ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื™): "ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขืจืœื”", ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืžืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ื - ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืกืจ. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืชื•ืก' ื—ื ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขืช ื”ืกืžื“ืจ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ (ืจ"ื” ื™ื“, ื) ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื”, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ืขืช ืชื•ืก'. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื‘, ื‘, ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื ื˜ื” ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืก'. ืื•ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืฉื•"ืข, ืžื™ื•ื ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ื•ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ืœื• ืžื›ื•ื— ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืจืง ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื’ื“ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื“ืœื• ืขืœ ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืžืกื›ื™ื ืœื–ื”.]
^ 5.. ื”ืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืื‘ - ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืชืกืชื™ื™ืžื ื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™:



ื”ืฉืชืจืฉ ื‘ืœ' ื‘ืื‘ - ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืชืกืชื™ื™ืžื ื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื:



ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื–"ื”, ืชื•ืก', ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ืจ, ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื•ืชื ืžื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”. ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขื“ ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™, ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช. ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจืื‘"ื“ (ื”ืœ' ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื™-ื™ื‘), ืจื™"ื“, ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ืกืž"ื’, ืจืง ืขืฅ ืฉื”ืงืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื• ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ืฉื ื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื ื™ื˜ืข ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื‘ ื•ืื– ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื”, ื™ืคืงืข ืžืžื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืฆื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื›ืœืœ ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืืฃ ืžื” ืฉื™ื—ื ื•ื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืžื›ื•ื— ื’ืฉืžื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขืจืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ื ืืกืจ. ื•ืื ื ื˜ืข ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ืœื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืžืชื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช (ืจืื‘"ื“, ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื (ื›ืก"ืž ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืจ"ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื (ืจื‘ ื”ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ืœ' ืขืจืœื” ืงื™ื, ื; ื•ืจื‘ ื ื˜ืจื•ื ืื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืžื™ื ื“ืขื™ื ืงืœ). ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“, ืฉืื ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื, ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื' ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื“, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 25 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืจืฉื”. ื•ืื ื”ืฉืจื™ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ื›"ื˜ ื‘ืื‘, ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื“, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 29.5 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื”ืฉืจืฉื” (ืจ' ื—ื ื ืืœ ืจ"ื” ื˜, ื‘ - ื™, ื; ื™"ื ื‘ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืขืจืœื” ืงื™ื, ื).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื“ืขื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื“-ื”, ื›ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™"ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืจื–"ื”. ื’ื ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืคืกืง ื›ืจืžื‘"ื. ืื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืฉืกืคืง ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื. ื•ื›"ื› ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื•ืœื“ื, ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื“ืง, ืื“ืจ"ืช. ื•ืจืฉ"ืก ื•ื›ืจื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื—"ื• ื”, ื”, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ. โ†
ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืฃ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื—. ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืจืฉืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื”, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืขืœื” ืœื• ืฉื ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื˜"ื• ื‘ืื‘. ื•ื›"ื› ืจืžื‘"ื (ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื˜, ื™), ืกืž"ื’, ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื—, ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื“, ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื“ืง ื•ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื˜"ื– ื‘ืื‘ (ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื ื•ืžืื™ืจื™). ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ.
^ 6.. ืžืฉื ื” ืขืจืœื” ื, ื’: "ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉื ืขืงืจ ื•ื”ืกืœืข (ืื“ืžื”) ืขืžื•... ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช - ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ื—ื™ื™ื‘". ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื™ื˜. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืจืง ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”. ื•ื›"ื› ืคืจื— ืžื˜ื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘, ืขื”; ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืจืฆื“, ื™ื; ืคืช"ืฉ ื™ื’; ืื’"ืž ื™ื•"ื“ ื, ืงืคื”. ืื•ืœื ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื”ืŸ ื—-ื˜, ืคืกืงื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ื›ืžืฉืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉืจืฉื”. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ืคืกืงื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื’, ื˜, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ืขืชื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื, ื›; ื•ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื, ืกื˜. ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ืขืฅ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื•ื–ื™ื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉื’ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื’ื•ืฉ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื™ื•ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื• ื’ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ื’ื–ืžื• ืื•ืชื• ื’ื™ื–ื•ื ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื™ืฉืงื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืคื˜ืคื•ืช.
^ 7.. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื, ื•, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘, ื›ืœ ืฉื ืงืฆืฅ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื˜ืคื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื ื ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืžืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”, ื•ืจืง ืื ื ืงืฆืฅ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื (ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื™, ื™ื’), ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื™ื—, ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืคืกืง ื›ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ืฉ"ืš ืจืฆื“, ืœื, ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืชื. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžืงื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืฅ ืฉื ืงืฆืฅ ื‘ืขืจืœื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœืงื•ืœื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืš ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค.
^ 8.. ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื” (ืกื•ืจื™ื) ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืฅ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘"ืž ืงื™ื˜, ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื™, ื™ื˜: "ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืข - ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจืœื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืจืฉื™ื - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”". ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื• ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื’ื–ืข ื”ืจืืฉื™. ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืขืฆื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื, ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืจืœื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื’ื–ืขื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืขื ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆืœืฃ, ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื•, ื•ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืขืฅ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืง"ืก ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ, ื•ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืขืจื” 11). ื ืžืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื’ื–ืข ื•ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฅ. ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ื—), ื•ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” (ื—"ื ืขื, ื—). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืจืื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจ"ืฉ ืžืฉืื ืฅ ื•ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจื”. ื•ื‘ื ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื™. ื•ืื ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ืข ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•"ืข, ื•ืืฃ ืืœื• ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืฉื›ื™ื— ื–ื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื•. ืืœื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืœื“ืขืช ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ืขืœ ืคื™ ื’ืจืกืชื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘"ืž ืงื™ื˜, ื), ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืจืœื” (ื•ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”), ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื•. ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืืฃ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื•, ื“, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ืืžื•ื ืช ืขืชื™ืš 14).
^ 9.. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื"ืฉ (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘, ื“), ื•ื˜ื•ืจ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘, ื“; ื•ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื, ืข, ืขืž' ืช), ืจืง ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื—ืจืก ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืขืฅ, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื™, ื—) ื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ - ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืืจืฅ ืœื–ืจืขื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืืจืฅ ืœืื™ืœื ื•ืช". ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื›ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค. ืืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืขืฅ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื•, ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงื•ืข ืื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงื•ืข, ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืขืจืœื” (ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ืคืกืงื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื—"ื’ ื™). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉื”ื•ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืฉื•ื ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ืื™ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื›ืžืคืกืงืช ืืช ื™ื ื™ืงืชื ืžื”ืืจืฅ (ืžื ื—"ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืงื ื—, ื›). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื–ื” (ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ืจืขื™ื ื—"ื‘ ื˜ื•, ื’; ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืชืŸ ื•, ืงื). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื•ืขืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืงื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืื—"ื› ืœืื“ืžื”, ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
^ 10.. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื ืงื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื ืงื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ ืขืฅ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœื ื™ื‘ืงืขื• ื“ืจื›ื”. ื•ืื–ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื"ืฉ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ืฉื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื ืงื‘ ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืขื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืื“ืžื” ื•ืชืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืกืคื•ืจ ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืงื‘ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ (ืขื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘, ื™), ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืฉื‘ืช ืฆื”, ื‘), ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื ืงื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื ืก ืžืฉืงื” (ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-2 ืž"ืž), ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืจื•ื—ื‘ ื–ื™ืช (ืฉื”ื•ื ื›-1.5 ืก"ืž ื‘ื–ื™ืช ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื•). ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ืงื‘ ืฉืœ 2.5 ืก"ืž (ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื, ืขืž' 158; ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื’, ื–, 1). ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื ืงื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืื—ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื ื’ื ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืขืฅ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงื•ืข - ืคื˜ื•ืจ. ืื•ืœื ืืช ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ืงืขื™ื, ื•ืื–ื™ ืœืจื•ื”"ืค ื™ืฆื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ืงื‘ (ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ืฉื). ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื ืงื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืžื˜ืจ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืงื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืฅ ื—ืจืก ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœืจื"ืฉ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ืงื•ื‘. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืขืฅ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืงื•ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”, ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืžื—ื•"ืœ (ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ื—"ื‘ ื; ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื›ืจื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ). ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื‘ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื—"ื.
^ 11.. ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžืกื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉืชืœื” ืœืฉื“ื”, ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืจืฆืคืช ืžืชื›ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืžื ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืชืœื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืงืจืงืข, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืชืœื• ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื“ืžื”, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ืžืฉืื™ืช ืฉืงืจืงืขื™ืชื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื ืงื•ื‘ื” (ื”ื’ืจืข"ื™, ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื”, ืงื ื•, ื’-ื“). ืื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจืš, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ื ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื’ื•ืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกืง ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื ื•ื˜ืขื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ (ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื, ื; ืžื ื—"ืฉ ื—"ื’ ืงื ื—, ื™ื˜; ื, ืข, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื’, ื˜, 7). ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจื•ื”"ืค, ืฉืืฃ ืฉืชื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื™ืฅ ืžืชื›ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ.
^ 12.. ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื›ืœืื™ื (ื’, ื˜ื•): "ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื™ืจืง, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืœืŸ". ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืจืง ืžื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืืช ืขืœื™ื• ืžืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ืื• ื”ืคืงืขืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืขืฅ ื™ืฉ ื’ื–ืข ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืžื”ื’ื–ืข ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”. ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื”ืื“ืžื”' ืื• ื”ืขืฅ ืืžืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืž, ื‘: "ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื›ื™ ืฉืงืœืช ืœื™ื” ืœืคื™ืจื™ ืœื™ืชื™ื” ืœื’ื•ื•ื–ื ื“ื”ื“ืจ ืžืคื™ืง (ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ื–ื ืฉืื—"ื› ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช) - ืœื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”". ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช 'ื’ื•ื•ื–ื' ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืขืฅ. ื•ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ืฉืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื• ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืœื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ืื ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืจืง ืื ื’ื ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ. ื•ืžื–ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืขืจืœื”. ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจืื” ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื–ืข ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”. ืืœื ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™, ืฉื’ื ืขื ืคื™ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื’ื ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืขื ืคื™ื”ื ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืืฃ ื“ืงื“ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื’ื ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืžืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื ื•ื‘ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืฆืœืฃ, ื•ืืข"ืค ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื–ืข ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”, ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื•, ื). ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืขืฅ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืคื˜ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขืฅ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืขืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
^ 13.. ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืขืกืงื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื’ื–ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื— (ืคืจืง ื ื•). ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ื›ืœื, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ืจื›"ื™ ืจืฆื“, ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื–ืงื ื• ืžื”ืจ"ื ืื–ื•ืœืื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ื ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืžื”ื ืจ' ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื• ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื•ืžื”ืจ"ื ืืœืฉื™ืš. "ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืฉื‘ื™ื—, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืื™ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’'ืืŸ (ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื) ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืชื•ืง, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืข ืžืขื˜ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจ ืงืฆืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืจืง". ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื•, ืค. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขื•ื“, ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื™ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” (ืคื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื“, ื“; ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืชืกื—; ื—ื–ื•"ื ืขืจืœื” ื™ื‘, ื’).
ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืฉื™ื— ืฉืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืขืจืœื”. ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืคืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืื™ืœืŸ (ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื’, ืชืงืœื; ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืคืจื™ ืื“ืžื”, ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ื—"ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืœ). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื ื’ื–ืขื• ื—ืœื•ืœ - ืื™ื ื• ืขืฅ ืืœื ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ, ื’ื ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจืง ื’ื–ืข-ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืžื•ื— ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ื’ื–ืข ืžืขื•ืฆื” ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื, ืคื’; ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื ืฉื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” (ื‘ืจื›"ื™, ืฆื™"ื ื‘, ื˜ื•). โ†
ืœืคื™ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืืœื•, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื‘ืคืคืื™ื” ื•ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื”. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื, ื“, ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืคืคืื™ื” ืžื—ืžืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื“ ืืฃ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” (ืืžื•ื ืช ืขืชื™ืš 26), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื’ื–ืขื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ืœื•ืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื™ื’ื–ืžื• ืื•ืชื” ื™ืคื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืคื—ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”, ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขืฅ, ื•ืคืคืื™ื” ื•ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืคืื™ื” ื‘ืจื‘ ืคืขืœื™ื (ื—"ื‘ ืื•"ื— ืœ), ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื—"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื™ื“; ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืžืืž"ืจ ื’, ื™); ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื“, ื ื‘. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื’ื–ืข ื”ืคืคืื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื–ืข ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืœ ืงื˜ืŸ (ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฉื“ื” ื, ื˜ื–-ื™ื–). ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื”ื•ืช, ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ืฉื’ื“ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืžืชืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืคืคืื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืžืชืžืขื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื™ืคืœื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืคื•ื—ืช ื•ื”ื•ืœืš, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืขื“ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช.
ืคื˜ืœ ื ืจืื” ื›ืฉื™ื— ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ืขื ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื•ื ืžืชื ื•ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ืขื ืคื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืงืฆืช ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื’ื–ืข ื”ืคื˜ืœ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื–ืข ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื˜ืœ ื›ื™ืจืง ื•ื‘ืจื›ืชื• 'ืื“ืžื”'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืึทืกึฐื ึธื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืขื ืคื™ื”ื ืžืชื ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื•ืืžื ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื˜ืœ ืฆื•ืžื— ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื–ืข ื”ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ื™ื•ื ืง ืžืžื ื• ืžืขื˜, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื ื–ืงืง ืœื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื’ื–ืข ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื ื ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœื” ืฉืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื’ื–ืข ืžืฆืžื™ื—ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืขืฅ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชืขืฆื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”.
^ 14.. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉืคื•ื“ื” ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ื‘, ื•). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฉ, ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื” (ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื™, ื™ื–; ืฉื•"ืข ืจืฆื“, ื•). ื•ืืฃ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ืืžืจ "ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืฉื• ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ื”", ื™ืฆื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื ืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื” (ืื•ืœ"ืฆ ื—"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื”).
ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”'ืจื‘ืขื™' ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื˜ืคื•ื. ื•ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื ืื™, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืงื˜ืคื•ื, ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ืœ. ื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืขื•ื ืช ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื•ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืชื™ืฉืืจ ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืงื˜ืคื•ื.
^ 15.. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉ'ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™' ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ืจืง ื‘ื›ืจื ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื ื˜ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื ื‘ื’ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ืจื (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“, ื’). ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ืชื ืื™ื ืื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืื• ืจืง ื‘ื›ืจื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืคืกืง ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื™ืงืœ, ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืจืง ื‘ื›ืจื (ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืจื"ืฉ, ืจืž"ื). ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื•ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ืื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกืคืง ืขืจืœื” ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืง ื›ืจื ืจื‘ืขื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื‘ืกืคืง ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™.
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืžื‘ื™"ื˜, ืขื™' ืžื ื—"ืฉ ื—"ื ืขื, ื™ื’). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™, ื•ืื–ื™ ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชืจื•"ืž ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ืš ื’ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ (ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจืžื–, ื˜ื•; ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•).
ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘, ื), ืฉืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ืื›ืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืงืฉ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืื›ืœ ืืœื ื›ืฉื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื• (ืžื›ื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืžื‘"ื (ืฉื ื˜, ื), ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™ ื›ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืจืฆื“, ื™ื–.
^ 16.. ืื ืงื ื” ืžื”ืžื˜ืข ืืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืข ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื”, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื˜ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขืจืœื” ืขืฆื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืจืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ืกืคืง ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืข (ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื˜ื” ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืงื™ื’, ืœื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขืจืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืข (ืคืชื— ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืจ). ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ (ืจื•ืงื—, ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืจื“ื‘"ื–, ืž"ื ื•ื˜"ื–).
ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืง ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื•ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืงืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืจืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืข ืื• ืขืฆื™ ื”ืขืจืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžืงื™ืœื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค, ื›ืืฉืจ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืกืคืง ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืคืจื™ืฉ, ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืคืจื™ืฉ.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืฉื•ืง ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช: ื' ื›ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืฉื•ืง ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื ืขืจืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืฉ. ื‘' ื›ืฉื’ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืฉื•ืง, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืคืจืฉื• ืœืฉื•ืง ื“ื™ื ื ื›ืคืจื™ืฉ. ื’' ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžื•ื›ืจื ืœืกื™ื˜ื•ื ืื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื“ื™ื ื. ื™"ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืœืงื—ื ืžืžืงื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืงื, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืข (ื™ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืžื ื—"ื™ ื–, ืฆื•). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืจืง ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœืงื— ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืง ืจื’ื™ืœ (ื—ืžื“ืช ืฉืœืžื”, ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื—"ื ืขื, ื™ื‘). ื“' ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื— ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืงื ื•ืช ืœื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”ืžื˜ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ืงื ื” ื‘ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ. ื™"ื ืฉื“ื™ื ื ื›ืกืคืง ืงื‘ื•ืข (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—"ื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ื ื’), ื•ื™"ื ืฉื“ื™ื ื ื›ืกืคืง ืจื’ื™ืœ (ืจ"ืฉ ืงืœื•ื’ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื˜ื•"ื“ ืชืœื™ืชืื” ื‘, ื™ื“). ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืฉ, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืกืคืง ืื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืคืจื™ืฉ. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื‘ืกืคืง ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืื• ืคืจื™ืฉ, ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคืจื™ืฉ, ืง"ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ืš ื”ืžืฆื‘. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืง, ืฉื“ื™ื ื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืคืจื™ืฉ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื (ืžื ื—"ื™ ื–, ืฆื•; ืžื ื—ืช ืฉืœืžื” ื, ืขื, ื™ื‘; ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื•, ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื“, ื•ืขื•ื“).
ืืžื ื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื ื” ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื ืขืจืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืกืคืง, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืขืจืœื”, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื”. (ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• 'ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืจืฅ' ื—"ื). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื’ื•ืจืŸ, ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื•ื•ืงื• ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืœื” ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืงื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื“"ืฆื™ื ื ืฉืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืงื—ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืขืจืœื”? ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืขื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ (ื›ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ) ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืจื•ื— (ืขื™' ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘, ื“). โ†
ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืžื˜ืข ืฉืœ ืขืจืœื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจืœื” ื”ื ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžื˜ืข ืขืจืœื”. ื•ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคืจืฉื• ืžื”ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื•ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืœื“ืขืชื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ืจื"ืฉ, ืจ"ื™ ื•ืฉ"ืš), ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืคืจืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืืกื•ืจ, ืฉืžื ื™ื™ืงื— ืžื”ืงื‘ื•ืข. ื•ื“ืขืชื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืจืฅ ื—"ื‘ ืขืจืœื” ื™ื“. ืืžื ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืžื™ืงืœื™ื, ืง"ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื•.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™
ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”
    56 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื

    ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ - ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืฉื ืช "ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช", ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืจืง ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื‘, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื•.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื˜' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ

    ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” - 3

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืคืชื— ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืคืกืงื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืจื’ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืฉื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘
    39 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข

    ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ื‘

    ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืคื’ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืจื’ืœื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืขื ืจื—ื‘, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื“ืžื•ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ. ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื–"ืœ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืชื•ืš ืขื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœื” ืœืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืขื™ื“ื• ื™ืขืงื•ื‘ื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il